Social Class Flashcards
labov 1969
black boys speaking with restricted code but with a logical arguement
issue with linguistically articulating ideas rather than there being a cognitive deficit
trask 2010
if people wanted to be seen as part of a social group they would adopt the groups language
overt prestige - publicly acknowledged
covert prestige - gained within a public
basil bernstein 1970s
conducted research into the way classes talk asked a group of boys to describe comic of football smashing window restricted code is deictic - relaxed syntax and uses simple coordinating conjunction elaborated code - standard syntax, more complex sentences whilst middle class children use both, rare to see lower class using anything but restricted bot classes understood each code times when it is advantageous to use both e.g social and bonding situations restricted, formal - elaborated
petyt bradford study 1985
h- dropping
rp sound /u/ e.g good
‘uh’ soung e.g put
lower the social class more likely to drop the ‘h’
socially aspirational speakers incorrectly used sounds in words like cushion -cuuushion
labov department study
post-vocalic rhotic ‘r’ e.g mother
saks (hs) macy’s klein’s (ls)
evoke answer of fourth floor and also ask for them to repeat
stops spontaneous becomes conscious
lower middle aware of overt - indicative of social climb
lower class more aware of prestige so changed their way of speaking when conscious
upper middle class changed the least indicative of higher social status
trudgill norwich study 1974
pronunciation of ‘walking’ and ‘talking’
non-standard ‘walkin’ and ‘talkin’ - g dropping
use of ‘s’ in verbs e.g he go to school
correlation between class, gender and non-standard forms
women of all classes over reported standard form usage representing overt awareness
men over reported non-standard showing desire of covert
women use more standard then men in a direct class- for- class comparison
higher the class, more use of non standard
class more determiner than gender
