Teaching Flashcards
Difference between acrocyanosis and true cyanosis?
Acrocyanosis is vasospasm of peripheral BV mainly hand and feet effected whereas true cyanosis everywhere will be effected
If a baby is breathing rapidly what investigations need to be performed?
IEM - blood gas, urine sample, urinalysis, BM
Sepsis - blood culture, FBP, septic screen
Lumbar puncture
CXR
CRP
BM
Any hepatomegaly
2 investigations for coarctation of the aorta?
ABPI, femoral pulses
Why are retinas checked before babies are discharged?
Retinal blastomas
Differentials for early tailing on growth chart?
Heart disease, metabolic or neglect, 6 months tailing suggests coeliac
Chronic heart disease presentation in older children?
Growth tailing, breathless on exertion, murmur, femoral pulses off, respiratory infections, cyanosis, hypertension
How does aortic stenosis usually present?
Chest pain
What is a stills murmur?
blood resonating through papillary muscles
What is a venous hum?
Blood resonating from head and neck vessels
When measuring height of a child what plane should the head be in?
Frankfurt plane
If a child has hypothyroidism what are they started on?
Thyroxine
What does GH stimulate release from the liver and what does this do?
IGF-1 which stimulates fat, bone and metabolic effects on the whole body
Symptoms of Turner Syndrome?
Increase nuchal fold, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, recurrent ear infections, ovaries havent grown, dont make oestrogen
Conditions that can cause a child to grow too fast?
Hyperthyroidism, Kleinefelter Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Marfans
Management of Kleinefelter Syndrome?
Testosterone and maintenance treatment
How will babies who have congenital adrenal hypoplasia appear at birth?
Ambiguous genetalia, lack of aldosterone and cortisol shunts pathway causing increased testosterone
Condition associated to obesity in early childhood?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
How do you calculate fluid bolus for a child? with dka?
kg x 20mls (x10mls for dka)
What 2 situations do you not use 20mls/kg in fluid bolus?
DKA or trauma
How do you work out fluid deficit in a child?
% dehydrated (0/5/8) x weight in kg x 10 (-bolus)
Maintenance fluid in a child, first 10kg, second 10kg, anything over 20kg?
First 10kg = 4ml/kg/hr
second 10kg = 2ml/kg/hr
over 20kg = 1ml/kg/hr
When would you fluid restrict rather than give full maintenance fluid?
Hyponatraemia in cases of sepsis, meningitis, bronchiolitis, renal problems, CNS, vomiting
What is an ideal starting fluid for children?
0.9% saline, 5%dextrose
Define neonate
birth to 28 days
Preterm is classified as what?
Before 37 weeks
Extremely preterm is classified as what?
before 28 weeks
Low birth weight classified as below?
2.5kg
Very low birth weight classified as below?
1.5kg
Extremely low birth weight classified as below?
1kg
Gut issue suffered in premature babies?
Nectrotizing fasciitis