Sick Child Flashcards
Define premature?
Born before 37 weeks
Define extremely premature?
Born before 28 weeks
Define neonate?
Birth to 24 days
What determines normal, low, very low and extremely low birth weight?
Normal = 3.5kg
Low = 2.5kg
very low = 1.5kg
extremely low = 1kg
How many months old does a baby double their birth weight?
6 months
How can you quickly estimate a babies weight with their age?
(age in years + 4) x 2
What coloured measuring device can be used to estimate weight of a child?
Breselow Tape
What position is best for a child in order to keep airways open
Neutral - not hyperextended or hyperflexed
Why are the airways difficult to manage in babies?
large head, short neck, large tongue, soft floor of the mouth, easily compressed
Age group are obligate nasal breathers?
under 6 months
Signs in the ribs that a child is in RDS?
Subcostal recession, intercostal recession, sternal recession, ribs collapse in, marked abdominal breathing
What is total blood volume /kg in infants compared to adults?
80/90ml/kg in infants
50/60mo/kg in adult male/female
Main reason for hypoglycaemia being more common in babies?
Higher metabolic rate
Most common reasons for mortality in infants under 1 years old?
Trauma, congenital abnormalities, SIDS (smoking), infections
Narrowest part of infants airway?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the RR of a child under 1?
30-40 bpm
What is the RR of a child 1-2 years old?
25-35
What is the RR of a child 5-12 years old?
20-25
When examining a childs breathing in ABCDE what are you looking at?
wheeze/stridor/grunting crepitations Accessory muscles Intercostal recession/subcostal recession/prominent diaphragmatic breathing Hyperinflation Head bobbing/nasal flaring/apnoea RR Air entry/trachea central/bilateral entry/expansion efficiency Oxygen sats
Normal HR of a child up to 2 years old?
110-160
Normal HR of a child 2-5 years old?
95-140
Normal HR of a child 5-12 years old?
80-120
How can you estimate a childs BP?
(Age x2) + 85
Average systolic BP for a child under 1?
70-90
Average systolic BP for a child 1-2
80-95
Average systolic BP for a chid 2-5?
80-100
How can you tell whether cyanosis is a cardiac cause over respiratory?
Cardiac murmurs or arrhythmias gallop rhythm absent femoral pulses hepatomegaly normal respiratory effort - no resp symptoms Cyanosis despite oxygen
Decorticate vs decerebrate posturing?
Decorticate causes flexed arms, extended legs
Decerebrate causes extended arms and legs
Cheyne Stokes breathing?
progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing
Cushings triad indicates what? what are the 3 symptoms?
Cushings triad is when the brain is herniating through the foreman magnum. Indicated by bradycardia, hypertension, irregular breathing
