Sick Child

Question 1

Define premature?

Answer 1

Born before 37 weeks

Question 2

Define extremely premature?

Answer 2

Born before 28 weeks

Question 3

Define neonate?

Answer 3

Birth to 24 days

Question 4

What determines normal, low, very low and extremely low birth weight?

Answer 4

Normal = 3.5kg
Low = 2.5kg
very low = 1.5kg
extremely low = 1kg

Question 5

How many months old does a baby double their birth weight?

Answer 5

6 months

Question 6

How can you quickly estimate a babies weight with their age?

Answer 6

(age in years + 4) x 2

Question 7

What coloured measuring device can be used to estimate weight of a child?

Answer 7

Breselow Tape

Question 8

What position is best for a child in order to keep airways open

Answer 8

Neutral - not hyperextended or hyperflexed

Question 9

Why are the airways difficult to manage in babies?

Answer 9

large head, short neck, large tongue, soft floor of the mouth, easily compressed

Question 10

Age group are obligate nasal breathers?

Answer 10

under 6 months

Question 11

Signs in the ribs that a child is in RDS?

Answer 11

Subcostal recession, intercostal recession, sternal recession, ribs collapse in, marked abdominal breathing

Question 12

What is total blood volume /kg in infants compared to adults?

Answer 12

80/90ml/kg in infants

50/60mo/kg in adult male/female

Question 13

Main reason for hypoglycaemia being more common in babies?

Answer 13

Higher metabolic rate

Question 14

Most common reasons for mortality in infants under 1 years old?

Answer 14

Trauma, congenital abnormalities, SIDS (smoking), infections

Question 15

Narrowest part of infants airway?

Answer 15

Cricoid cartilage

Question 16

What is the RR of a child under 1?

Answer 16

30-40 bpm

Question 17

What is the RR of a child 1-2 years old?

Answer 17

25-35

Question 18

What is the RR of a child 5-12 years old?

Answer 18

20-25

Question 19

When examining a childs breathing in ABCDE what are you looking at?

Answer 19

wheeze/stridor/grunting
crepitations
Accessory muscles
Intercostal recession/subcostal recession/prominent diaphragmatic breathing
Hyperinflation
Head bobbing/nasal flaring/apnoea
RR
Air entry/trachea central/bilateral entry/expansion efficiency
Oxygen sats

Question 20

Normal HR of a child up to 2 years old?

Answer 20

110-160

Question 21

Normal HR of a child 2-5 years old?

Answer 21

95-140

Question 22

Normal HR of a child 5-12 years old?

Answer 22

80-120

Question 23

How can you estimate a childs BP?

Answer 23

(Age x2) + 85

Question 24

Average systolic BP for a child under 1?

Answer 24

70-90

Question 25

Average systolic BP for a child 1-2

Answer 25

80-95

Question 26

Average systolic BP for a chid 2-5?

Answer 26

80-100

Question 27

How can you tell whether cyanosis is a cardiac cause over respiratory?

Answer 27

Cardiac murmurs or arrhythmias
gallop rhythm
absent femoral pulses
hepatomegaly
normal respiratory effort - no resp symptoms
Cyanosis despite oxygen

Question 28

Decorticate vs decerebrate posturing?

Answer 28

Decorticate causes flexed arms, extended legs

Decerebrate causes extended arms and legs

Question 29

Cheyne Stokes breathing?

Answer 29

progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing

Question 30

Cushings triad indicates what? what are the 3 symptoms?

Answer 30

Cushings triad is when the brain is herniating through the foreman magnum. Indicated by bradycardia, hypertension, irregular breathing