Dermatology Flashcards
What can chicken pox become infected with?
Strep
3 different types of dermatitis?
Sebborhoeic, contact, atopic
main cause for erythema multiforme?
HSV
Milia
white superficial cysts across forehead, cheeks, nose which will go in the first few weeks of life
Cause of neonatal acne?
Transplacental transfer of maternal androgens acting on sebaceous glands
Erythema toxicum neonatorum?
Most common skin condition, blotching erythematous macules and central papule/pustule
Haemangioma, what is it? caused? rare complications? treatment?
a benign vascular lesion due to overgrowth of vascular endothelium, can ulcerate/bleed/functional abnormalities, treated with tapering steroids or short course propanolol
2 things that can result from capillary malformations in newborns?
Salmon patches and port wine stains
Naevus simplex?
Salmon patch
Naevus flammeus?
Port wine stain
What happens to salmon patches and port wine stains over time?
Salmon patches fade port wine get darker
What is an associated complication of naevus flammeus
Sturge Weber Syndrome
Name given to moles present from birth?
Congenital Nevomelanocytic Nevus
Describe the appearance of cafe au lait spots? indicative of?
pale brown well circumscribed, neurofibromatosis
Name for Mongolian spot? formed from? how long do they last?
Congenital dermal melanocytosis, accumulated dermal melanocytes, poorly circumscribed, macular, usually lumbosacral, fade age 10
What is an epidermal naevus? how does it change in time? 2 patterns of growth?
overgrowth of epithelium, becomes wart like with age, linear or world growth
5 endogenous causes of eczema?
Atopic, seborrhoeic, pomphlyx, varicose, discoid
3 exogenous causes of eczema?
allergic contact, irritant, photosensitive
How does atopic eczema present acute vs chronic?
Dry skin, poor barrier function,
Acute - poorly defined erythematous excoriations, crusting from dry exudate, sub-tissue swelling
Chronic - lichenification, exaggerated skin creases, pigment change
Which area most effected in children with atopic eczema?
head and cheeks
What is the difference in topical treatment used in moderate eczema compared to severe?
moderate - topical steroids
severe - calcineurin inhibitors
What do topical calcineurin inhibitors do?
act as topical immunosuppressants
when does the appearance of eczema warrant either antibacterials or antivirals?
Antibacterials when there is golden crust and exudate, antivirals when there is monomorphic ulcers/vesicles
Seborrheic eczema, how is it different to atopic? Where does it occur? appearance? what is it known as on the scalp? treatment?
not itchy, in the sebaceous glands (face, scalp, underarms) yellow orange patches with greasy scale, known as cradle cap, scalp preparations with low dose steroids and ketoconazole
Main causes of napkin dermatitis? Needs to be swabbed for what? treatment?
warm moist, friction, ammonia, faeces proteases, swabbed for candida infection, emollients/better nappy changing/ topical steroids
Usual agent that causes impetigo?
Staph aureus
What does impetigo look like?
Red patches, superficial blisters, honey colour crusts
What topical treatment is given for impetigo?
topical fusidin
What causes the reaction in staphlococcus scalded skin syndrome?
Toxin mediated disease from toxigenic strains of staph aureus
How does staph scalded skin syndrome present?
Blisters in flexures which become wide-spread
What is the treatment for staphlococcus scalded skin syndrome?
IV penicillin and emollients
What is the causative agent of viral warts?
HPV
What 3 things can be used to treat warts?
Cryotherapy, wart paint, curettage
How does molluscum contagiosum present itself? Resolution? Treatment?
Pearly umbilicated papules, months to resolve, no specific treatment
How does HSV present in a child?
Extensive oral ulceration, local vesicles, fever, lymphadenopathy, genital ulceration, latent phase so can reoccur and have nasty systemic effects
Treatment of HSV infection?
Topical antivirals, oral or IV in severe
What does VZV infection cause?
Chicken pox and shingles
How is VZV transmitted? appearance?
Respiratory droplets, itchy vesicles that crust and scar
How does tinea corporis present? treatment?
well circumscribed red patches that are clear in the middle, topical treatment
How does tinea capitis present?
1 or more patches of hair loss with scale, potential inflammation and boggy pustular swelling, oral treatment
How does scabies present? Which areas of the body usually effected?
severe itch, burrows, vesicles, excoriations, inflammatory nodules, palms/soles/web-spaces/genetalia
What are the entire family treated with if one of them suffered scabies?
Permethrin 5% whole body 8-12 hours then repeat after a week
Difference between vesicles and bulla?
Vesicles are under half a cm and bulla are over, both fluid filled
Pustules?
Contain purulent exudate
What is effected in epidermolysis Bullosa?
adhesions between cells
What are individuals with epidermolysis bullosa most likely to be effected with?
SCC, contractures, scarring
Management of patient with epidermolysis bullosa?
Blister decompression, emollients, topical antibiotics, dressings, counselling
Baby presenting with rash what do you want to know?
When are where? exaccerbating or relieving factors? contact with infected people? allergies? drug history? what have you tried so far? any medical conditions? FH? diet? growth and development?qol?
How would you describe management of atopic eczema to a family?
Emollients and soap substitutes like oilatum in bath, dry garments, wet wraps, mild steroid cream
What emollients are prescribed for atopic eczema?
diprobase, cetraben, epaderm, aveeno
What mild steroid cream and what frequency is it applied in atopic eczema?
1% hydrocortisone cream BD for 7-10 days
4 irritants, 1 allergens and 2 secondary infections in atopic eczema?
Irritant - wool, dust, heat, sweat.
Allergen - fragrane
Infection - secondary staph a impetigo, herpes secondary infection
What is emulsiderm used for in atopic eczema?
Bath additive
How does atopic eczema distribution differ in children under 18 months?
extensor areas and cheeks rather than flexures
3 parts of atopic disease?
asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis
What is a stronger topical steroid used for atopic eczema?
betnovate
How does eczema herpeticum present?
Acute history, punched out monomorphic erosions on the face, fever, lymphadenopathy, unwell, decrease UO
How do you manage and treat a patient presenting with eczema herpeticum?
senior colleague, IV fluids, stop steroids, IV aciclovir, swab for virology, consider antibacterials, emollient, antiseptic soap like dermol
Test performed in allergic contact dermatitis?
Patch testing
