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Paediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What can chicken pox become infected with?

A

Strep

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2
Q

3 different types of dermatitis?

A

Sebborhoeic, contact, atopic

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3
Q

main cause for erythema multiforme?

A

HSV

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4
Q

Milia

A

white superficial cysts across forehead, cheeks, nose which will go in the first few weeks of life

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5
Q

Cause of neonatal acne?

A

Transplacental transfer of maternal androgens acting on sebaceous glands

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6
Q

Erythema toxicum neonatorum?

A

Most common skin condition, blotching erythematous macules and central papule/pustule

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7
Q

Haemangioma, what is it? caused? rare complications? treatment?

A

a benign vascular lesion due to overgrowth of vascular endothelium, can ulcerate/bleed/functional abnormalities, treated with tapering steroids or short course propanolol

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8
Q

2 things that can result from capillary malformations in newborns?

A

Salmon patches and port wine stains

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9
Q

Naevus simplex?

A

Salmon patch

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10
Q

Naevus flammeus?

A

Port wine stain

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11
Q

What happens to salmon patches and port wine stains over time?

A

Salmon patches fade port wine get darker

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12
Q

What is an associated complication of naevus flammeus

A

Sturge Weber Syndrome

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13
Q

Name given to moles present from birth?

A

Congenital Nevomelanocytic Nevus

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14
Q

Describe the appearance of cafe au lait spots? indicative of?

A

pale brown well circumscribed, neurofibromatosis

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15
Q

Name for Mongolian spot? formed from? how long do they last?

A

Congenital dermal melanocytosis, accumulated dermal melanocytes, poorly circumscribed, macular, usually lumbosacral, fade age 10

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16
Q

What is an epidermal naevus? how does it change in time? 2 patterns of growth?

A

overgrowth of epithelium, becomes wart like with age, linear or world growth

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17
Q

5 endogenous causes of eczema?

A

Atopic, seborrhoeic, pomphlyx, varicose, discoid

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18
Q

3 exogenous causes of eczema?

A

allergic contact, irritant, photosensitive

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19
Q

How does atopic eczema present acute vs chronic?

A

Dry skin, poor barrier function,
Acute - poorly defined erythematous excoriations, crusting from dry exudate, sub-tissue swelling
Chronic - lichenification, exaggerated skin creases, pigment change

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20
Q

Which area most effected in children with atopic eczema?

A

head and cheeks

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21
Q

What is the difference in topical treatment used in moderate eczema compared to severe?

A

moderate - topical steroids

severe - calcineurin inhibitors

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22
Q

What do topical calcineurin inhibitors do?

A

act as topical immunosuppressants

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23
Q

when does the appearance of eczema warrant either antibacterials or antivirals?

A

Antibacterials when there is golden crust and exudate, antivirals when there is monomorphic ulcers/vesicles

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24
Q

Seborrheic eczema, how is it different to atopic? Where does it occur? appearance? what is it known as on the scalp? treatment?

A

not itchy, in the sebaceous glands (face, scalp, underarms) yellow orange patches with greasy scale, known as cradle cap, scalp preparations with low dose steroids and ketoconazole

25
Q

Main causes of napkin dermatitis? Needs to be swabbed for what? treatment?

A

warm moist, friction, ammonia, faeces proteases, swabbed for candida infection, emollients/better nappy changing/ topical steroids

26
Q

Usual agent that causes impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

27
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

Red patches, superficial blisters, honey colour crusts

28
Q

What topical treatment is given for impetigo?

A

topical fusidin

29
Q

What causes the reaction in staphlococcus scalded skin syndrome?

A

Toxin mediated disease from toxigenic strains of staph aureus

30
Q

How does staph scalded skin syndrome present?

A

Blisters in flexures which become wide-spread

31
Q

What is the treatment for staphlococcus scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV penicillin and emollients

32
Q

What is the causative agent of viral warts?

A

HPV

33
Q

What 3 things can be used to treat warts?

A

Cryotherapy, wart paint, curettage

34
Q

How does molluscum contagiosum present itself? Resolution? Treatment?

A

Pearly umbilicated papules, months to resolve, no specific treatment

35
Q

How does HSV present in a child?

A

Extensive oral ulceration, local vesicles, fever, lymphadenopathy, genital ulceration, latent phase so can reoccur and have nasty systemic effects

36
Q

Treatment of HSV infection?

A

Topical antivirals, oral or IV in severe

37
Q

What does VZV infection cause?

A

Chicken pox and shingles

38
Q

How is VZV transmitted? appearance?

A

Respiratory droplets, itchy vesicles that crust and scar

39
Q

How does tinea corporis present? treatment?

A

well circumscribed red patches that are clear in the middle, topical treatment

40
Q

How does tinea capitis present?

A

1 or more patches of hair loss with scale, potential inflammation and boggy pustular swelling, oral treatment

41
Q

How does scabies present? Which areas of the body usually effected?

A

severe itch, burrows, vesicles, excoriations, inflammatory nodules, palms/soles/web-spaces/genetalia

42
Q

What are the entire family treated with if one of them suffered scabies?

A

Permethrin 5% whole body 8-12 hours then repeat after a week

43
Q

Difference between vesicles and bulla?

A

Vesicles are under half a cm and bulla are over, both fluid filled

44
Q

Pustules?

A

Contain purulent exudate

45
Q

What is effected in epidermolysis Bullosa?

A

adhesions between cells

46
Q

What are individuals with epidermolysis bullosa most likely to be effected with?

A

SCC, contractures, scarring

47
Q

Management of patient with epidermolysis bullosa?

A

Blister decompression, emollients, topical antibiotics, dressings, counselling

48
Q

Baby presenting with rash what do you want to know?

A

When are where? exaccerbating or relieving factors? contact with infected people? allergies? drug history? what have you tried so far? any medical conditions? FH? diet? growth and development?qol?

49
Q

How would you describe management of atopic eczema to a family?

A

Emollients and soap substitutes like oilatum in bath, dry garments, wet wraps, mild steroid cream

50
Q

What emollients are prescribed for atopic eczema?

A

diprobase, cetraben, epaderm, aveeno

51
Q

What mild steroid cream and what frequency is it applied in atopic eczema?

A

1% hydrocortisone cream BD for 7-10 days

52
Q

4 irritants, 1 allergens and 2 secondary infections in atopic eczema?

A

Irritant - wool, dust, heat, sweat.
Allergen - fragrane
Infection - secondary staph a impetigo, herpes secondary infection

53
Q

What is emulsiderm used for in atopic eczema?

A

Bath additive

54
Q

How does atopic eczema distribution differ in children under 18 months?

A

extensor areas and cheeks rather than flexures

55
Q

3 parts of atopic disease?

A

asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis

56
Q

What is a stronger topical steroid used for atopic eczema?

A

betnovate

57
Q

How does eczema herpeticum present?

A

Acute history, punched out monomorphic erosions on the face, fever, lymphadenopathy, unwell, decrease UO

58
Q

How do you manage and treat a patient presenting with eczema herpeticum?

A

senior colleague, IV fluids, stop steroids, IV aciclovir, swab for virology, consider antibacterials, emollient, antiseptic soap like dermol

59
Q

Test performed in allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Patch testing

Paediatrics (20 decks)

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