Cardiology Flashcards
4 common acquired heart disease in children?
Kawasaki, rheumatic, myocarditis, endocarditis
What type of infection is Kawasaki disease?
Mucocutaneous lymph node disease
What can myocarditis lead to?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What does endocarditis usually cause damage to?
Native valves
Organism most likely to cause myocarditis vs endocarditis
Myocarditis = viral, Endocarditis = bacterial
Turner Syndrome are likely to suffer which 2 cardiac conditions?
Bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation
Noonans Syndrome are likely to suffer which 3 cardiac conditions?
Atrial septal defects, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary valve stenosis
Usual heart rate of a child?
120-160bpm
What does ductus venosus allow?
Bypass through liver to IVC
What does ductus arteriosus allow?
Bypass the lungs from pulmonary artery to descending aorta
What happens in pulmonary circulation and systemic blood pressure when a baby is born and why?
Pulmonary circulation increases due to decreased resistance and the systemic blood pressure increases due to increase vascular resistance
Order of fetal valve closure?
Ductus arteriosus, foreman ovale (functional closure), ductus venosus
What replaces ductus venosus?
Ligamentum teres
What happens in persistent fetal circulation/persistent pulmonary hypertension?
patent ductus arteriosus, causes high lung arterial pressure, high resistance to flow, right ventricular hypertrophy, patent foreman ovale as right atrium pressure decrease
Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in newborn?
Oxygen and NO
What happens with a ventricular septal defect? Type of murmur?
Increased blood flow to pulmonary artery, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased pulmonary return, cardiac decompensation, pan systolic murmur
What happens to the heart in patent foreman ovale? type of murmur?
Enlargement of the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary vessels, short ejection systolic murmur
Persistent ductus arteriosus has what murmur?
Continuous across systolic and diastolic
What is complete atrio-ventricular septal defect associated with?
Down’s Syndrome
Is pulmonary stenosis acyanotic or cyanotic HD?
acyanotic
Is aortic stenosis acyanotic or cyanotic HD?
Acyanotic
is Coarctation acyanotic or cyanotic HD?
Acyanotic
Is hypoplastic left heart syndrome acyanotic or cyanotic HD?
Acyanotic
3 main signs of heart failure in children?
Tachypnoea, tachycardia, hepatic enlargement