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DB > TDMM Chapter 7 > Flashcards

TDMM Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Ablative

A

The development of a hard char that resists the erosion of fire and flames

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2
Q

AHJ

A

Authority having jurisdiction

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3
Q

Annular Space

A

the ring of apace outside of a pipe or cable penetrating a fire rated barrier but inside the hole or sleeve

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4
Q

Cementitious Firestop

A

A firestopping material that is mixed with water and is similar in appearance to concrete

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5
Q

Engineering Judgement

A

A document furnished by the manufacturer for nonstandard conditions in which a firestop system does not exist

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6
Q

Fire detection

A

The means of detecting the occurrence of heat, smoke or other products of combustion

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7
Q

Fire protection

A

the active means of detecting and suppressing fires

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8
Q

fire rated assembly

A

architectural barrier that is fire rated to contain a fire within for. specified amount of time

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9
Q

Fire resistance

A

a property of materials or assembly that can withstand combustion for a period of time

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10
Q

firestop

A

a fire rated material, device or assembly preventing the spread of fire

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11
Q

flame

A

a body or stream of gaseous material involved in the combustion process of fire

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12
Q

interstitial space

A

a small or narrow space located above or below the occupied space on each floor

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13
Q

Intumescent

A

the ability to expand to close gaps or voids

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14
Q

listed

A

a product that successfully completes firestopping tests

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15
Q

membrane penetration

A

an opening through only one surface of a barrier

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16
Q

NRTL

A

Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory

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17
Q

Penetration

A

An opening in a barrier
Two types are membrane penetration or through penetration

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18
Q

qualified

A

indicates compliance or accordance with specific standards or requirements

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19
Q

What do the terms qualified and listed mean when they are uses to describe a firestop system?

A

That the firestop system has been tested by a nationally recognized laboratory and certified as compliant

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20
Q

Name four secondary functions that may be performed by a firestop system

A
  • Acting as environmental protection seals
  • Providing sound attenuation or acoustical sealing
  • Sealing around pipes that reach high temperatures and may move axially or laterally
  • Resisting the affects of explosion
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21
Q

Name the four keys to fire protection

A
  • Prevention
  • Detection
  • Suppression
  • Compartmentation
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22
Q

What is compartmentation?

A

The process of limiting fire and smoke spread with fire resistive barriers

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23
Q

What are the three pillars of a balanced approach to fire protection

A
  • Compartmentation
  • Detection
  • Suppression
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24
Q

Name the four types of fire stop applications

A
  • Through penetration firstop systems
  • Membrane penetration firestop systems
  • Joint penetration systems
  • Perimeter fire barrier systems
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25
Q

What is a penetration?

A

Location where a cable, conduit or sleeve system passes through an opening

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26
Q

What type of penetration occurs when the service element passes through both sides of the assembly?

A

through penetration

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27
Q

What type of penetration occurs when the service element passes through only a single side or membrane of the assembly?

A

Membrane penetration

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28
Q

Who is generally required to properly seal the opening to restore the integrity of the barrier that has been penetrated?

A

The trade that penetrates the barrier

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29
Q

Name four factors that contribute to the design of the fire rated barriers

A
  • type of construction
  • occupancy levels
  • purposes of the building
  • exit routes
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30
Q

what nullifies the hourly fire resistance rating of the barrier?

A

any disruption in the continuity or integrity of the surface

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31
Q

a firestop system shall provide an appropriate balance between what three factors?

A
  • durability
  • ease of installation
  • ease of maintenance
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32
Q

name two requirements for performing a firestop repair

A
  • must be qualified by performance testa or engineered judgements
  • must be simple to achieve
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33
Q

Name five criteria that are used to select a firestop system for a construction project

A
  • Qualification testing
  • Installation testing
  • Maintenance convenience
  • Future cable moves, adds or changes
  • Architectural or environmental requirements
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34
Q

What are the three parts of a fire assembly?

A
  • Floor or wall assembly
  • Penetrating items
  • Firestop materials
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35
Q

Name three electrical apparatuses that are tested under exposure to fire and qualified for use in fire rates assemblies

A
  • Boxes
  • Junction boxes
  • Fixtures
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36
Q

how is fire resistance of penetration firestops evaluated?

A

under positive pressure, time versus temperature and furnace conditions

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37
Q

Name the four testing ratings

A
  • F rating
  • T rating
  • W rating
  • L rating
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38
Q

define F rating

A

time period that an assembly resists flame passage

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39
Q

define T rating

A

time by which the unexposed side of an assembly reaches 358 degrees over the initial starting temperature

40
Q

define the L rating

A

Air leakage test run at 400 degrees to simulate smoke leakage through firestopping systems

41
Q

define W rating

A

water leakage test where the firestop system is subjected to a 3ft water column for 72 hours

42
Q

when is a hose stream test conducted?

A

within 10 minutes of removing the assembly from the furnace fire

43
Q

how far is the hose from the assembly during a hose stream test?

A

20ft

44
Q

what is a successful hose stream test?

A

one where no water is observed passing through to the unexposed side of the assembly at the conclusion of the test

45
Q

why might the L rating be useful for installations in a health care facility

A

because it is a sealing rating, it can be used to help prevent the spread pf airborne communicable diseases

46
Q

what is the most common use for the L rating

A

as a predictor of smoke movement in buildings

47
Q

where does most air leakage occur?

A

around the penetrating item and within grouped penetrating items

48
Q

True or False
An area adjusted value is the preferred measurements for L ratings

A

False
Actual leakage values are easier to interpret

49
Q

Why were W rating criteria established?

A

to address concerns where water stands on top of a firestop seal for a prolonged period of time

50
Q

True or False
W ratings are a mixture of early rain resistance

A

False

51
Q

How is the T rating expressed?

A

In hours or minutes

52
Q

What is the purpose of qualification testing for a firestop?

A

To provide evidence of the systems performance across the range of conditions know or expected to exist

53
Q

Name two locations where firestop systems are tested

A
  • Sleeve systems
  • Construction representative of the barrier into which the firestop system is installed
54
Q

What is a firestop system required to demonstrate?

A

The ability to perform despite the mass of thermal conducting elements expected to penetrate openings and combustible or degradable material likely to penetrate openings

55
Q

Name two broad categories of firestop systems

A
  • Mechanical
  • Non mechanical
56
Q

How is a mechanical firestop typically described?

A

As a product that is furnished in its final form to the project site

57
Q

How are non mechanical firestops generally described?

A

A product that is assembled or installed in a precise manner to achieve a particular fire rating

58
Q

Name three common categories of mechanical firestop systems

A
  • Cable transit systems
  • Fire rated pathway devices
  • Factory fabricated sleeve systems
59
Q

What is a cable transit system?

A

Consists of pre manufactured elastomeric components shaped to fit around standard cables, tubes etc

60
Q

Why are modular systems the most useful type of mechanical firestop system?

A

They offer maximum flexibility in accepting multiple elements of different diameters

61
Q

Why must all modular systems be equipped with a means of compression?

A

Compression is required to establish a tight seal

62
Q

What is a fire rated pathway device?

A

A modular device that integrates a built in firestopping system, which eliminates the need to remove or install firestopping materials

63
Q

Describe a factory fabricated sleeve system

A

A kit that includes a tube or sleeve along with locking escutcheon plates that mechanically attach the device in the barrier

64
Q

Why are all prefabricate intumescent firestop collars split?

A

To facilitate installation

65
Q

Why do cast in place firestop systems require a high degree of upfront planning?

A

Once the device is in place, nothing else can be routed through it

66
Q

List four characteristics of putty available in bulk, bars or sticks

A
  • Have the consistency of glazing putty
  • Remain permanently soft and pliable
  • Allow easy firestop reentry
  • May be installed with other approved fillers
67
Q

True or False
The use of putty pads on boxes can impede sound transmission through walls

A

True

68
Q

What is a potential problem associated with using certain clay based firestop putties?

A

Can dry out over time and fall out

69
Q

Name two characteristics of caulks and sealants

A
  • Cure after a relatively short time to form a tight seal
  • Are dispensed either from standard caulk tubes, rolled packages or large pails
70
Q

What happens when an installer needs to re-enter a penetration with firestopping caulk?

A

The installer will have to cut into the seal

71
Q

Name three characteristics of cementitious materials

A
  • Dry powder
  • Premixed or mixed with water
  • More adaptable to large openings than putty or caulk
72
Q

True of False
Grout is an acceptable substitute for a cementitious firestop

A

False

73
Q

How is an intumescent sheet with a sheet metal backing likely to be used?

A

To seal a large opening

74
Q

What is an intumescent wrap strip?

A

A thin rubber like strip used to firestop material that may burn away in a fire and leave a void

75
Q

What is a major weakness of silicone foams?

A

Tend to shrink over time

76
Q

How does a pillows fiber matrix react to fire?

A

it swells (or intumesces)

77
Q

Describe intumescent blocks

A

Ready to use standard sized foam blocks that are stacked in an opening or as a wall

78
Q

Why are firestop bags installed with chicken wire?

A

Chicken wire prevents settling of loose material so bags dont fall out

79
Q

Describe a plenum shield blanket

A

A high temperature ceramic blanket designed to provide a non combustible barrier for combustible items within a plenum

80
Q

Name four types of packing or foaming materials

A
  • Mineral Wool batt insulation
  • Glass fiber batt insulation
  • Ceramic fiber insulation
  • Foam backer rods
81
Q

What is the melting point of glass fiber batt insulation?

A

Around 1200 F, can melt prematurely under fire conditions

82
Q

Why has the industry moved away from using ceramic fiber insulation?

A

Testing has shown it to be carcinogenic

83
Q

How are foam backer rods typically used?

A

Behind the firestopping system to ensure proper depth

84
Q

Name six firestop parameters for penetration in concrete walls

A
  • Wall thickness
  • Required Hourly rating
  • Opening size
  • Annular space
  • Sleeve systems
  • Material selection
85
Q

Name four firestop parameters for penetrations in framed wall assemblies

A
  • Hourly rating
  • Opening size
  • Annular space
  • Sleeve systems
86
Q

What is a preferred solution for firestopping existing penetrations?

A

A split sleeve system assembly that can be installed around the existing cables without interrupting service

87
Q

Name four benefits of a sleeve system

A
  • Ease of installation
  • Supports and protects cables being installed
  • Packed with mineral wool or ceramic fiber and intumescent fill material
  • Ren enterable
88
Q

What guidelines should be used to firestop through penetrations?

A

According to guidelines for the basic construction of the two outermost layers of combination wall

89
Q

How should load bearing stud walls that are part of combination walls be firestopped?

A

By enclosing the penetration in the cavity

90
Q

How should partial (membrane) penetrations in a combination wall be firestopped?

A

According to the recommendations for the type of wall that is being penetrated

91
Q

Who must be consulted before a rated floor can be penetrated?

A

Project structural engineer

92
Q

What method should be used to firestop acoustic materials in a ceiling?

A

Fully surround with mineral wool or ceramic fiber insulation and flash or use a permanently pliable putty or firestop caulk

93
Q

What method should be used to firestop concrete ceilings?

A

Use the same method as specified for concrete floor systems

94
Q

Name two reasons why firefighters vent the roof during a fire

A
  • Prevent heat buildup
  • Reduce the possibility of roof collapse
95
Q

True or False
Elements contained in vertical shafts do not need to be firestopped within shafts at the floor/ceiling assemblies

A

True

96
Q

What should the installed do after labelling each penetration?

A

Take a photo/video of each for submission to the AHJ

DB (19 decks)

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