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DB > TDMM Chapter 4 > Flashcards

TDMM Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Backbone Distribution System

A

The part of the premesis distribution system that provides connection between telecom spaces

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2
Q

CO

A

Central Office
A common carrier switching exchange office

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3
Q

EF

A

Entrance Facility

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4
Q

EFM

A

Ethernet in the First Mile
Term used to describe the access network from the access point to the subscribers premises

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5
Q

ER

A

Equipment Room

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6
Q

HC (FD)

A

Horizontal Cross-Connect (Floor Distributor)
A group of connectors that allow equipment and backbone cabling to be cross-connected to horizontal cabling

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7
Q

IC (BD)

A

Intermediate Cross-Connect (Bldg Distributor)
The connection point between backbone cable that extends from the MC (CD) first level backbone to the HC (FD) second level backbone

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8
Q

MC (CD)

A

Main Cross-Connect (Campus Distributor)
The cross-connect normally located in the main equipment room for cross connection of entrance , backbone and equipment cables

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9
Q

RMC

A

Rigid Metallic Conduit
A threaded metal raceway of circular cross section with coupling (no threaded)

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10
Q

TE

A

Telecommunications Enclosure
A case or housing that may contain telecommunications equipment, cable terminations or horizontal cross connect cabling

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11
Q

TR

A

Telecommunications Room

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12
Q

Name the twp typical functions a backbone system provides in a campus

A
  • Building connections between floors in multi story buildings
  • Campus connections in multi building environments
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13
Q

Name seven components of a backbone distribution system

A
  • cable pathways
  • ERs that may contain HC (FD), IC (BD), or MC (CD)
  • TRs that contain HC (FD)
  • TEs that contain HC (FD)
  • Entrance Facility (EF)
  • Transmission Media
  • Misc Support Facilities
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14
Q

Which component of the backbone distribution system provides routing space for cables?

A

Cable Pathways

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15
Q

Which component of a backbone distribution system usually houses the Main Cross-Connect (MC)?

A

Equipment Room (ER)

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16
Q

Which component of a backbone distribution system is describer as an enclosed architectural space for housing telecommunications equipment, cable terminations or horizontal cross connect cabling?

A

Telecom Room (TR)

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17
Q

Which component of a backbone distribution system is described as a case or housing that may contain telecom equipment, cable terminations or horizontal cross connect cabling?

A

Telecom Enclosure (TE)

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18
Q

Which component of a backbone distribution system is described as an entrance to the building that may contain telecom equipment, cable terminations or horizontal cross connect cabling?

A

Entrance Facility (EF)

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19
Q

Name the four primary types of transmission media that can be used for backbone cabling

A
  • optical fiber
  • balanced twisted pair
  • coaxial
  • wireless
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20
Q

Name five examples of connecting hardware that can be used as components of a backbone distribution system

A
  • connecting blocks
  • patch panels
  • patch cords and jumpers
  • interconnections
  • cross connections
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21
Q

Name four examples of misc support materials

A
  • cable support hardware
  • firestop
  • bonding hardware
  • protection and security
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22
Q

What term refers to a group of connectors that allow equipment and backbone cabling to be cross connected to horizontal cabling

A

HC (FD)
Horizontal Cross-Connect Floor Distributor

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23
Q

Which component serves as the (optional) connection point between the first level backbone and the second level backbone?

A

IC (BD)
Intermediate Cross-Connect Building Distributor

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24
Q

Which component is normally located in the main ER for the cross connection of entrance cables, first level backbone and equipment cables?

A

MC (CD)
Main Cross-Connect Campus Distributor

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25
Q

Name the three fundamental cabling topologies

A
  • Star
  • Ring
  • Bus
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26
Q

Name the five types of hybrid cabling topologies

A
  • Hierarchical star
  • Star wire ring
  • Clustered star
  • Tree and branch
  • Mesh
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27
Q

What topology is generally deployed for OSP cabling?

A

Star

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28
Q

A star topology directly links all buildings requiring connection to the ___

A

MC (CD)

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29
Q

What is the ideal location for the MC (CD)?

A
  • Colocated with or close to the primary ER
  • At the center of the buildings served
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30
Q

Name the five advantages associated with using a star topology for campus backbone cabling

A
  • Provide centralized facilities administration
  • Allows testing and reconfiguration of the systems topology and applications from the MC (CD)
  • Allows easy maintenance and security against unauthorized access
  • Provides increased flexibility
  • Allows the easy addition of future campus backbone
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31
Q

Name two disadvantages associated with using the star topology for campus backbone cabling

A
  • Introduces single points of failure
  • Increases cost
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32
Q

What term is used to describe the tree like structure where a trunk and branch relationship exists within a cabling topology?

A

Hierarchical

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33
Q

True or False
The link from the MC (CD) to the IC (BD) may be an interbuilding or an intrabuilding link

A

True

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34
Q

What type of link is typically found between the IC (BD) and the HC (FD)?

A

An intrabuilding link

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35
Q

What configuration should the ICT designer consider when the distance from the switch to the last workstation exceeds the transmission limit?

A

Hierarchical Star

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36
Q

What type of configuration should the ICT designer consider using when available pathways do not allow for all cables to be routed to an MC (CD)?

A

Two level hierarchical star

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37
Q

Why are ring topologies being used for OSP operations?

A

Because they can support high bandwidth transport applications

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38
Q

Name three benefits associated with using a ring topology

A
  • Fault tolerant redundant routing
  • Greater reliability and significantly less cabling downtime
  • Flexible architecture
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39
Q

What three conditions must be met before a physical ring topology can be considered for connecting the intrabuilding IC (BD)s and MC (CD)s?

A
  • The existing pathways must support it
  • The primary purpose of the network is optical fiber distributed data interface, SONET, token ring or reverse path ethernet
  • There is a redundant cable path
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40
Q

When would a physical star/logical ring be used?

A
  • When a physical ring is not possible
  • When existing cabling will be used as part of the project
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41
Q

Name three factors the ICT Designer will use to determine if a clustered star topology is an appropriate solution

A
  • Electronics
  • Designers survivablity plans
  • Transmission budget selected at the MC (CD) and each node site
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42
Q

Name three advantages associated with using a clustered star topology

A
  • Fault tolerant redundant routing at route locations
  • May reduce design costs for the electronics and cables at the node sites
  • More efficient network management
43
Q

What type of topology is a linear configuration?

A

Bus topology

44
Q

What will happen if a break occurs along the route of a bus configuration?

A

All network communications will be lost

45
Q

What is a common application of the tree and branch topology?

A

Cable TV operations that use coaxial cabling

46
Q

Name the two types of mesh network topologies

A
  • Fully connected
  • Partially connected
47
Q

Why are fully connected mesh topologies not adopted for most networks?

A
  • Too expensive
  • Too complex
48
Q

Where are fully connected mesh topologies commonly used?

A

In provider and enterprise networks to connect their routers

49
Q

What formula is used to calculate the number of nodes required for a fully connected mesh topology?

A

N = X * (X-1)
2
N = number of links
X = number of nodes

50
Q

What is the minimum number if subscribers supported by the OLT?

A

16 per port

51
Q

Where is the ONU assumed to be located?

A

The ONU is assumed to be outside the home

52
Q

Name three locations where ethernet over PTP balanced twisted pair cable might be a good fit

A
  • Established neighborhoods
  • Business parks
  • Multidwelling units (MDU)
53
Q

Why are load coils used?

A

To improve the (voice) transmission performance

54
Q

What is a drawback associated with using load coils?

A

They increase the insertion loss of the transmission path outside the normal passband range

55
Q

How many levels of cross connections are permitted in a backbone distribution system?

A

No more than two

56
Q

When are direct connections between TRs permitted?

A

When the backbone distribution system is expected to meet the requirements for a bus or ring topology configuration

57
Q

What are the two primary design options for building backbone?

A
  • Star
  • Hierarchical star
58
Q

What is often the most cost effective transmission medium for data systems?

A

optical fiber

59
Q

What is often the most cost effective medium for voice systems?

A

balanced twisted pair

60
Q

True or False
The MC (CD) shall be co located in the ER with a PBX, security monitoring equipment and other active equipment being served

A

False.
Co locating with the PBX is okay

61
Q

True or False
A building cabling system shall have only one MC (CD)

A

True

62
Q

Name four factors to consider when selecting the transmission media to be used in a backbone distribution system

A
  • Flexibility of the medium with respect to supported devices
  • Required useful life of backbone cabling
  • Site size and used population
  • User needs analysis and forecast
63
Q

What type of multimode fiber is recommended for backbone cabling systems?

A

OM4 or higher

64
Q

Name the two most common configurations for Cat5E cable

A

24 or 22AWG

65
Q

Name the three categories of balanced twisted pair cable that are specified for multipair backbone cabling

A
  • Category 3/Class C
  • Category 5E/Class D
  • Category 6/Class E
66
Q

Name the two most common configurations for Cat5E cable

A
  • 4 pair
  • 25 pair
67
Q

What is the cable length limitation for backbone cable in a voice system?

A

2625 ft (800m)

68
Q

What is the length limit for cables between network equipment connections?

A

328ft (100m)

69
Q

True or False
Optical fiber cables offer immunity to EMI and RFI

A

True

70
Q

Whom should the ICT designer contact for guidance if the optical fiber backbone will be used for a unique specification?

A

The OEM (original equipment manufacturer)

71
Q

What is the most common type of internal backbone pathway?

A

Vertically aligned TRs with connecting sleeves or slots

72
Q

Why is it considered desirable to stack TRs with other mechanical spaces?

A

Makes more efficient distribution, shorter runs, shorter conduit, easier bonding

73
Q

Name three types of steel conduit commonly used in backbone distribution

A
  • RMC
  • IMC
  • EMT
74
Q

What is the benefit of specifying the use of RMC with PVC coating for underground pathways?

A

PVC provides rust resistance

75
Q

Name two ways IMC differs from RMC

A
  • Thinner wall thickness
  • Weighs 1/3 less
76
Q

What is the lightest weight metallic conduit manufactured for use in backbone distribution systems?

A

EMT (thin wall)

77
Q

What is the required height for a curb for a slot?

A

Minimum of 1”

78
Q

How far are sleeves permitted to extend above floor level?

A
  • Minimum 1”
  • Maximum 3”
79
Q

Why should you leave at least 1” between sleeves?

A

Allow room for bushings

80
Q

Name two potential consequences of placing sleeves too far from the wall

A
  • Tripping hazard
  • Too great a cable span from sleeve to backboard/tray
81
Q

Per the TDMM, what is the baseline requirement for sleeves per floor?

A

Four 4” sleeves plus one 4” sleeve for each 40000 sqft of useable floor space

82
Q

What is the maximum number of rows of sleeves that should be used?

A

Two whenever possible

83
Q

True or False
Slots should be designed to have the widest depth permitted?

A

False

84
Q

Who is responsible for approving the location and configuration of slots?

A

Structural Engineer

85
Q

Who is typically responsible for directing cable shaft requirements?

A

Building Managers

86
Q

True or False
Backbone cable pathways are permitted in elevator shafts

A

False

87
Q

Whom should the ICT designer consult for information about the maximum vertical rise distance of a cable?

A

Manufacturer

88
Q

Whom should the ICT designer consult when questions arise about floor penetrations?

A

Structural engineer

89
Q

Name three potential negative consequences of cable that has been installed without the proper support

A
  • Slippage between core and sheath
  • Stretching of copper conductors
  • Broken cable can block pathways
90
Q

How many cable ties should be used per floor to secure a backbone cable to a vertical steel support?

A

Minimum of three

91
Q

What is optical fiber strand count?

A

The number of optical fibers installed in the cable plant

92
Q

What is the most common application for optical fiber backbone cabling?

A

Multiplexed transmission

93
Q

Name four reasons to include spare optical fibers when installing backbone cabling

A
  • Maintenance
  • Redundancy
  • Segregated applications
  • Future applications
94
Q

Name the two mounting methods for indoor backbone cabling hardware

A
  • Rack mounted
  • Wall mounted
95
Q

Name four locations where rack mount hardware is typically used

A
  • Data Centers
  • Equipment Rooms (ER)
  • Computer Rooms
  • Telecom Rooms (TR)
96
Q

When is wall mounted hardware used for a distribution system?

A

When rack space is not available or equipment must be wall mounted

97
Q

Name three design factors to consider for indoor hardware

A
  • Splicing hardware
  • Terminating hardware
  • Patch panels
98
Q

Where is indoor hardware most commonly used in a backbone distribution system?

A

In cable terminations

99
Q

Name three factors used to determine splicing hardware

A
  • Mounting requirements
  • Optical fiber count
  • Splicing method
100
Q

Name four factors that must be know in order to specify terminating hardware

A
  • Location
  • Cable type
  • Termination method
  • Copper pair count or fiber strand count
101
Q

Name two factors used to determine how much space is needed for a patch panel

A
  • Number of links terminated
  • Space needed for growth
102
Q

What is the benefit of interconnecting the cable plant to the applications via patch cords?

A

Minimizes accidental damage to backbone cable

103
Q

What is the purpose of EFM?

A

To specify the functionality required for the subscriber access network

104
Q

Why is the first mile significant?

A

It is the critical connection between business and residential users and the public network

DB (19 decks)

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