TDMM Chapter 6 Flashcards
AWG
American Wire Gauge
Balanced Twisted-Pair
Multi conductor communications cable composed of two or more copper conductors twisted in a manner designed to cancel electrical interference
Bandwidth
A range of frequencies available for signaling in Hz
Cable
An assembly of one or more insulated conductors or fibers within an enveloping sheath
Cable Assembly
a cable that has connectors installed on one or both ends
Capacitance
- ability of an electronic component to store electrical energy
- the opposition to a change in voltage
Chromatic Dispersion
A result of the phenomenon that the velocity of propagation in a medium is frequency dependent, which causes the frequency components of a pulse to lose phase coherence as it propagates
Coaxial Cable
a cable consisting of a central metallic inner conductor separated from an enclosing outer conductor by a dielectric material
Conductance
The measure of the ease with which electrical current flows through a conductor
Connector
a mechanical device used to provide a means for aligning, attaching and achieving continuity between conductors
Crosstalk
The unwanted transfer of signal from one or more circuits to other circuits as a result of EMI
Delay Skew
The difference in propagation delay between any two pairs within the same sheath
Dispersion
the loss of a signal resulting from the scattering of light pulses as they are transmitted through a medium
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
Radiated or conducted electromagnetic energy that has an undesirable effect on electronic equipment or signal transmissions
Inductance
- the property of an electrical force field built around a conductor when current flows through it
- the resistance to change in current
Inside Plant (ISP)
Infrastructure systems inside a building
Modal Dispersion
a characteristic of transmission in an optical fiber that results from different lengths of the light paths taken by many modes of light as they travel down the receiver from source to receiver
NVP
Nominal Velocity of Propagation
The coefficient used to determine the speed of transmission along a cable relative to the speed of light in a vacuum, typically a percentage.
OTDR
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
An instrument that measures transmission characteristics of optical fiber by measuring backscatter and reflection of injected light as a function of time. Used to measure attenuation
Optical Fiber
A transmission media using glass or plastic to transport pulse light signals
OSP
Outside Plant
Infrastructure designed for use outside
Plenum
The areas throughout the building to which one or more air ducts are connected forming part of the air distribution system
Resistance
A measure of opposition a material offers to the flow of direct current. Measured in ohms
Riser
Any vertical service ducts and the interfloor passages of the building subject to the cable installation
What are the components of a cabling system?
cables, equipment cords, patch cables and connecting hardware components
what is the difference between an equipment cord and a patch cord?
- equipment cords connect directly to active equipment
- patch cords are used to cross connect
name two general environmental styles of balanced twisted pair and optical fiber cabling
- outside plant (OSP)
- premises (ISP)
what term does ISO/IEC use to describe channel and link performance?
Class
what term does ISO/IEC use to describe connecting hardware performance?
Category
what term does TIA use to describe performance levels for cabling and cabling components?
Category
what is the minimum acceptable performance level for network cabling?
category 5e/class d
what does BICSI recommend as the minimum performance level for horizontal twisted pair?
category 6a/class e
per TIA standards what is the maximum frequency at which category 3 cable can operate?
16 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 3 cable can operate?
16 Mhz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 5e cable can operate
100 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 6 cable can operate
250 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 6A cable can operate
500 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 7/class f cable can operate
600 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 7A/class FA cable can operate
1000 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 8.1/class I cable can operate
2000 MHz
per TIA standards, what is the maximum frequency at which category 8.2/class II cable can operate
2000 MHz
ISO/IEC uses an x/y designation to describe balanced twisted pair cables. What do the letters represent?
x = overall screen type
y = individual pair screen type
True or False
the ANSI/TIA standards provide clear cable design designations
False
What are the two most frequently used ANSI/TIA cable designations?
- UTP
- ScTP
True or False
Cable designations can be applied to connecting hardware in the same manner as cable
False
How should connecting hardware be referenced in general?
As unscreened or screened. UTP, STP or FTP may be appropriate as well
What is the characteristic impedance of balanced twisted pair cable?
100 ohms (+- 15 ohms)
What conductor sizes are used for balanced twisted pair cable?
22 to 26 awg
Name three components found in all balanced twisted pair cabling
- Solid or stranded conductors
- Thermoplastic insulation
- Outer jacket or sheath
How is efficient insulation defined?
As material where any loss of the transmitted signal because of loss associated with the insulation is minimal
Name two factors that affect the mutual capacitance of a balanced twisted pair cable
- The conductors insulating material
- The insulations thickness
What does permittivity indicate?
Insulations ability to transmit (or permit) an electric field
Name the four primary parameters that control the transmission performance of a cable
- Resistance (R)
- Conductance (G)
- Inductance (L)
- Capacitance (C)
Name the six secondary parameters that affect the transmission performance of a cable
- Insertion Loss
- Crosstalk loss
- Return loss (RL)
- Propagation delay
- Propagation delay skew
- Nominal velocity of propagation (NVP)
Name four mechanical characteristics that may influence transmission performance
- Tensile strength
- Temperature rating
- Flammability rating
- Environmental impact resistance
True of False
Screened cables radiate less electromagnetic energy than unscreened cables
True
Name two common styles of screening used in balanced twisted pair cables
- Foil
- Braid
Name three functions performed by a cable screen/shield
- Reduces the level of the signal radiated from the cable
- Minimizes the effecte of external EMI on the cable pairs
- Provides physical protection
Name three factors that determine a screens effectiveness
- Material type
- Thickness
- Relative coverage
What type of electromagnetic field is typically blocked by foil?
Higher frequency (30 MHz and higher)
What type of electromagnetic field is effectively blocked by copper braid?
Lower frequency (below 30 MHz)
What type of electromagnetic field is effectively blocked by solid metal tubing blocks?
Almost any electromagnetic fields
What is the purpose of a drain wire?
To drain the current induced on the screen
What type of screen provides the highest level of protection in an environment with unusually strong effects from relatively low frequency EMI?
A combination of braid and foil screens provides the highest level of protection
What is the only type of screen that is effective at very low frequencies (less than 1 KHz)?
thick wall metal conduit
What type of screen is a better choice in an environment with unusually strong effects from relatively high frequency EMI?
Foil screen
True or False
Multipair screened cabling is recognized for use in horizontal and backbone cabling applications.
False
Multipair screened cabling is recognized for use in backbone cabling applications only
Why do balanced twisted pair patch cords typically have stranded conductors?
For added flexibility
Balanced twisted pair patch cords that are stranded may exhibit __ percent to __ percent more attenuation than solid conductors
20 to 50 percent
What types of connectors are typically used on the ends of balanced twisted pair patch cords?
8 position, 8 contact (8P8C)
What term is used to describe cords that directly attach to equipment on one or both ends?
Equipment cord
What term is used to describe cords that attach one set of connecting hardware to another set of connecting hardware to form a cross connection?
Patch cord
Which type of patch cord, solid or stranded, typically features better insertion loss characteristics?
Solid
Which type of patch cord, solid or stranded conductor typically features better flex life characteristics?
Stranded
What is the primary difference between twisted pair and optical fiber cables?
Optical fiber uses pulses of light to transmit signals whereas balanced twisted pair uses an electron flow
Name the two classifications of optical fiber cable
- Singlemode
- Multimode
What is the core diameter of a singlemode fiber?
8 to 11 um
What is the approximate cladding diameter of a singlemode fiber?
125 um
What are the common core diameters for multimode fibers?
50um to 62.5um
What is the approximate cladding diameter of a multimode fiber?
125um
What three classification terms are used to describe an optical fiber cable?
- Indoor/outdoor optical fiber cable
- Indoor optical fiber cable
- Outdoor optical fiber cable
What is the recommended use for 62.5um core fiber cable?
For extensions to existing installations only
What common wavelengths are supported by multimode optical fiber cable?
- 850 nm VCSEL
- 1300 nm LED
What is the maximum distance for running singlemode optical fiber cable in structured cabling systems?
3000m (9840ft)
What type of light source is typically used with singlemode optical fiber cable?
A laser light source
What common wavelengths are supported by singlemode optical fiber cable?
- 1310 nm
- 1490 nm
- 1550 nm
- 1625 nm
Name the three causes of attenuation in optical fiber cable
- Glass materials, impurities and point efects
- Macrobends and microbe ds in the fiber strands
- Nuclear radiation (point defects) (only in rare cases)
Optical fiber attenuation is ___ proportional to length
Optical fiber attenuation is directly proportional to length
What does the modal bandwidth of multimode optical fiber provide?
A measure of the amount of information an optical fiber is capable of transporting
How is the modal bandwidth of multimode optical fiber defined?
As the frequency at which the light pulse amplitude drops 3dB at an 1km (0.625mi) distance
How will increasing the length affect the information carrying capacity of an optical fiber cable?
Increasing cable length will lower the information carrying capacity of the optical fiber cable
Name the two components that are used to determine overall bandwidth
- Modal dispersion
- Chromatic dispersion
From a practical point of view, how is the bandwidth of singlemode optical fiber described?
As unlimited
Where is loose tube optical fiber cable primarily used?
Outdoors
What is the most common diameter for a loose tube optical fiber cable?
250um
What are the two main functions of a cable jacket on an optical fiber cable?
- Physical protection
- Environmental protection
Name three advantages of loose tube optical fiber cable compared to tight buffered cables with the same number of strands
- Greater tensile strength and more robust outer jacket
- Greater resistance to low temperature effects on attenuation
- Cable jacket that expands and contracts with changes in temperature without affecting the optical fiber