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TDMM Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Amplitude

A

The magnitude of a signal or the intensity of a wave

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2
Q

ER

A

Equipment Room

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3
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles (waves) in a time period

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4
Q

Harmonics

A

Higher frequency waves blended with fundamental waveforms

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5
Q

LED

A

Light Emitting Diode

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6
Q

Phase

A

A waves position in time compared to another wave

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7
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two points in two wave cycles

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8
Q

Name the four basic elements of AV design and integration

A
  • The hardware connected together
  • Software
  • The environment the hardware is in
  • Content: Audio, Visual, etc
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9
Q

What term is used to describe the action of molecules pressing close together?

A

Compression

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10
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

Distance between two points in two wave cycles

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11
Q

What term refers to the magnitude of a signal?

A

Amplitude

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12
Q

How does the human ear perceive amplitude of a sound?

A

As loudness or volume

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13
Q

What is the relationship between the amplitude of a sound wave and loudness?

A

The greater the amplitude of a wave the louder the sound

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14
Q

How is loudness measured?

A

In decibels of sound pressure level (dB SPL)

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15
Q

What is the dynamic range of hearing for humans?

A

From the threshold of hearing to the threshold of pain
(0 to 120 dB SPL)

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16
Q

What term is used to express a waveforms position in time compared to another waveform?

A

Phase

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17
Q

How is a phase expressed?

A

In degrees, with 360 degrees representing a complete cycle

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18
Q

What does it mean if a wave is said to be 180 degrees out of phase with another signal?

A

That one wave is at its maximum and the other is at its minimum

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19
Q

What term describes a problem that occurs when a sound is picked up by two close microphones at slightly different times and summed together on an audio mixer?

A

Comb filtering

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20
Q

How is frequency measured

A

Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second

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21
Q

What is heard as a pure tone?

A

Simple single sine waves

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22
Q

What is the fundamental waveform?

A

A sine wave

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23
Q

What type of waveform determines the sound quality?

A

A complex waveform

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24
Q

What are harmonics?

A

Higher frequency waves blended with fundamental waveforms

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25
Q

What is the visible color spectrum?

A

A small section of spectrum the eye can see

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26
Q

What determines the color of a light wave?

A

The Frequency

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27
Q

What color is at the center of the visible light spectrum?

A

Green

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28
Q

How is the amplitude of a light wave perceived by the human eye?

A

As brightness

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29
Q

How does amplitude affect the brightness of a light wave?

A

The greater the lights wave amplitude, the larger the waves displacement from the midline and the lights brightness

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30
Q

Why do light waves have different tints?

A

They have different distributions of color

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31
Q

What is color temperature?

A

A measurement of the distribution of colors, radiating from a light source.
expressed in Kelvin

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32
Q

What is the basis of the Kelvin scale as applied to properties of light?

A

The color of light emitted when substance is heated

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33
Q

What temperatures are perceived as white?

A
  • 3200K
  • 5400K
  • 6500K
  • 9300K
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34
Q

What is the color temperature of candlelight?

A

1900K

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35
Q

What is the range of color temperature for a tungsten lamp?

A

3200K to 3400K

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36
Q

What is the color temperature for daylight at noon with a cloudless sky?

A

5500K

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37
Q

The higher the temperature the ___ the light

A

Bluer

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38
Q

The lower the temperature the ___ the light

A

redder

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39
Q

What type of signals do humans produce and hear naturally?

A

Analog signals in the form of sound

40
Q

What is the only real restriction to modern audio technology?

A

The human ear

41
Q

What is the typical range of audio frequencies used by most audio equipment?

A

10 Hz to 30 Khz

42
Q

True or False
Modern AV systems no longer involve the use of analog signals

A

False
Analog components include microphones, speakers, mixers and analog signal amps

43
Q

Name three audio level categories

A
  • Microphone
  • Line
  • Speaker
44
Q

Name the two typical types of line levels

A
  • Professional ( +4 dBu)
  • Consumer ( -10 dB referenced to 1 v (dBv))
45
Q

What are the three connection points for a balanced audio circuit?

A
  • Conductor carrying the signal just as it originated (+)
  • Conductor carrying the signal with opposite polarity (-)
  • Electrical ground (usually the shield)
46
Q

What makes a balanced circuit?

A

When two signal conductors have the same impedance relative to ground

47
Q

What is the benefit of using balanced circuits?

A

They provide for a higher quality signal with less noise over long distance runs

48
Q

Name two disadvantages with balanced circuits

A
  • Expensive to manufacture
  • Time consuming to terminate
49
Q

Why do microphone levels need to be balanced?

A

Their extremely low level requires the best possible connection

50
Q

What is the sampling rate?

A

The number of times a sample is taken per second

51
Q

What does the Nyquist frequency represent?

A

The highest frequency of the analog signal being recorded. It is equal to half of the sampling rate

52
Q

What is bit depth?

A

The number of bits that describe a signal

53
Q

What is the resolution of a digital audio signal?

A

The range of numbers that can be assigned to each sample

54
Q

What is quantization noise?

A

The error between the actual analog signal and the digitized value

55
Q

What bit resolution is commonly used with internet voice devices?

56
Q

What bit resolution is commonly used with audio digital versatile discs?

57
Q

Name the three primary standards for analog video

A
  • NTSC
  • PAL
  • SECAM
58
Q

What term describes the process of coordinating the signal information with respect to time?

A

Synchronization (sync)

59
Q

Name three elements needed to create a complete video image

A
  • Horizontal sync
  • Vertical sync
  • RGB
60
Q

What term refers to the range of frequencies that can pass through a medium?

61
Q

What is the bandwidth of human vision?

A

430 to 750 trillion Hz

62
Q

How is bandwidth assessed in electronics?

A

In terms if frequency of voltage rather than light

63
Q

What will happen when electric frequencies fall out of a circuits bandwidth?

A

The frequencies will no longer be detected

64
Q

How does composite sync affect signal stability?

A

Composite sync reduces signal stability

65
Q

True or False
All full bandwidth signals are too robust to be readily handled by most processing equipment

66
Q

What is the method of creating bandwidth limited signals that combines the sync information with the signals for brightness?

A

Luminance or Luma (Y)

67
Q

Human perception of light is most sensitive to what spectrum of light?

A

yellow/green

68
Q

Human perception of light is least sensitive to what spectrum of light?

69
Q

How does the color encoder or matrix create the Y?

A

It strips the brightness information from the RGB signals and adds it up the make the Y

70
Q

Why is component video used extensively in the production environment?

A

Because of its quality and lack of artifacts

71
Q

What is an RF video?

A

A composite video with two audio channels

72
Q

Name five common digital video interfaces

A
  • Digital Video Interface (DVI)
  • High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
  • DisplayPort
  • Serial Digital Interface (SDI)
  • HDBaseT
73
Q

Name the three primary digital television (DTV) Standards

A
  • Integrated services digital broadcasting
  • Digital video broadcasting
  • Advance television systems committee standard
74
Q

Where is the integrated services digital broadcasting standard used?

75
Q

Where is the digital video broadcasting standard used?

A

Europe, Australia and Asia

76
Q

Where is the ATSC standard used?

A

North America

77
Q

What is the aspect ratio for SDTV programs?

78
Q

What is the aspect ratio for HDTV programs?

79
Q

What is serial communication?

A

A form of data communications where information is sent sequentially, one piece at a time, down a cable

80
Q

What is the limit for cable length per RS-232 specifications?

A

50 ft maximum

81
Q

What would happen if the settings for an RS-232 device were incorrect?

A

The device would no longer be controllable

82
Q

Why are RS-422 cable runs able to be longer than RS-232 runs?

A

Because RS-422 is balanced

83
Q

What is the advantage if using RS-485 serial communications over RS-422?

A

The RS-485 signal supports multiple devices on the same line

84
Q

What is the communications protocol used for computer networking technologies over the internet?

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)

85
Q

Are IR controls one way or two way devices?

86
Q

How do contact closures communicate?

A

through changes in current or voltage

87
Q

Why are dark wall colors used in projection rooms and movie theaters?

A

To absorb unwanted ambient light

88
Q

What is recommended aspect ratio to use when sizing presentation spaces?

89
Q

What is the optimum viewing angle?

A

45 degrees horizontally to each side of the center axis of the display

90
Q

What dictates the seating layout for a communications space?

A

AV sightlines

91
Q

What is the average seated head height?

92
Q

What is the average seated eye height?

93
Q

How are sightlines arranged in a single row vision seating layout?

A

The vertical sightline of the viewer passed over the heads of the persons in the row ahead

94
Q

How are sightlines arranged in a double row vision seating layout?

A

Between the heads of the person in the first row ahead and over the heads of the person in the second row ahead

95
Q

What is millwork?

A

Custom fit cabinetry

96
Q

True or False
All electronic equipment produces heat?

DB (19 decks)

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