TDMM Chapter 15 Flashcards
CAN
Campus Area Network
CR
Computer Room
HDA
Horizontal Distribution Area
LAN
Local Area Network
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
MDA
Main Distribution Area
Network Architecture
The structured grouping of hardware, software and applications
NIC
Network Interface Card
NOS
Network Operating System
OS
Operating System
PAN
Personal Area Network
SAN
Storage Area Network
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
WAN
Wide Area Network
Why are data networks implemented?
To enable the sharing of resources and the exchange of information between users and devices
Name the five types of networks in terms of geographical area
- Personal
- Local
- Campus
- Metropolitan
- Wide Area
What is the smallest type of network in terms of geographical area?
Personal
What is the largest type of network in terms of geographical area?
Wide Area
How much area does a PAN cover?
An area generally associated with an individual workspace
How much area does a LAN cover?
An area generally associated with some of all of the space within a building
How is a CAN created?
By linking the LANs located in two or more building that are in close proximity
How is a MAN created?
By linking the networks located at two or more sites within a city
How is a WAN created?
By linking the networks located at two or more sites, distributed over geographic distances that extend beyond the span of a single metropolitan network
What is the OSI reference model?
A framework for classifying all of the processes associated with message exchange on a network
What is the objective of the OSI model?
To provide structured approach for the development of all types of networks
True or False
The OSI model can be used to describe any type of network
True
Describe the layering in terms of the OSI model
An approach that divides various functions and services provided by a network into discrete groupings
How many layers are used in the OSI model?
Seven
Which layer of the OSI model makes it possible for applications running on dissimilar systems to use a network to exchange information?
Layer 7
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for data conversion?
Layer 6
Which layer of the OSI model synchronizes and manages data transfer between network devices?
Layer 5
Which layer of the OSI model makes it possible to assign various levels of quality to the data transfer process?
Layer 4
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for internetwork data transfer?
Layer 3
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for intranetwork data transfer?
Layer 2
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the transfer of information over various media?
Layer 1
What type of services are provided by Layer 7 of the OSI model?
Application
What type of services are provided by Layer 6 of the OSI model?
Presentation
What type of services are provided by Layer 5 of the OSI model?
Session
What type of services are provided by Layer 4 of the OSI model?
Transport
What type of services are provided by Layer 3 of the OSI model?
Network
What type of services are provided by Layer 2 of the OSI model?
Data Link
What type of services are provided by Layer 1 of the OSI model?
Physical
How are the layers in the OSI model connected?
In vertical form, also called a stack protocol stack
What are the connection points between layers in a protocol stack?
Service APs
What happens in the OSI layers when a message transfer starts between two systems?
A peer to peer relationship is established between the corresponding layers in the protocol stack of each system
Name four common types of network hardware
- Stations
- Servers
- Switches
- Routers
What device is used to access an organizational network?
Station
What type of station connects the network over cabling or a short range wireless connection?
Local Station
What type of station connects the network over a wired or wireless telcom circuit managed by an SP?
Remote Station
What is the most common type of local station?
Desktop Computer
When would a station be configured without internal storage devices and with the external storage disabled?
When data security is critical
Waht device manages one or more resources shared by users and administrators on a network?
Server
Name two advantages of server virtualization
- Space savings
- Ease of configuration by administrators
What is server clustering?
Linking multiple servers together
What is failover access?
The process in which activities on a failed server will switch to another server
Define high availability in terms of server clustering
Improved network reliability enabled by clustering
Which network access device provides a centralized point for LAN communications, media connections and management activity?
Switch
Name the two OSI layers where switches function
- Layer 2
- Layer 3
What is a router?
A combination of hardware and software in a specialized device
What process allows network administors to direct, modify and refine network traffic flows?
Traffic Engineering
What term is used to describe the process of running multiple OSs simultaneously in a single server?
Server virtualization
How does storage virtualization provide flexibility?
By allowing many storage units to appear as one
Name the four components of a thin client device
- Monitor
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Network connection
How does station virtualization improve security?
All data remains in the computer room (CR)
Name three types of software that are used to transform a stand alone computer into a network station
- Drivers
- Utilities
- Clients
What type of software is needed to link a stations NIC to the OS?
Driver
What is an integrated set of programs designed to control and coordinate all access to network resources?
Network Operating System (NOS)
What does the directory service of a Network Operating System (NOS) provide to users and admins?
A global view of the organizational network
What is a flat network?
A conventional LAN that uses a single domain to span all of its hubs, switches and devices
What devices does a VLAN use to divide a single broadcast domain into multiple smaller ones?
Routers
Name three advantages of implementing VOIP
- Cost savings
- Toll free calling
- Simplified management
Define Unified Communications
The convergence of VOIP, Video, Messaging and presence indication
Why might Unified Communications (UC) allow for fewer copper pairs to be provided in a building?
Because it all runs over the data network
Why might some traditional analog lines need to remain in a building with Unified Communications?
Fax, elevator phone and other utilities
What does Real Time describe when applied to video communications?
The capture and transfer of video from source with minimal delay
Name two criteria for classifying video services
- Number of stations receiving video
- Direction of transfer of video
Name four types of video communications
- PTP unidirectional
- PTP Bidirectional
- Point to Multipoint unidirectional
- Point to Multipoint bidirectional
What type of network video communications transfers content in one direction and uses one station to recieve content?
point to point directional
What type of network video communications transfers content in two directions and uses one station to recieve the content?
point to point bidirectional
What type of network video communications transfers content in one direction and uses more than one station to recieve the content?
point to multipoint unidirectional
What type of network video communications transfers content in two directions and uses more than one station to recieve the content?
point to multipoint bidirectional
What type of network video communications is used to send an image via a webcam?
PTP unidirectional
What type of network video communications is used for webcasting?
Point to multipoint unidirectional
What type of network video communications is used for multiplayer gaming?
Point to multipoint bidirectional
Why is videoconferencing the most demanding network application from a resource perspective?
It requires a constant minimum data transfer rate between stations
Name the two design processes that are used to produce a comprehensive set of designs for a proposed network
- functional (top down)
- Physical (bottom up)
What does a network designer assess first during the functional design process?
Types of users and applications
What does a network design assess first during the physical design process?
The sites where the network will be deployed
Where are computer rooms (CR) traditionally used?
Data Centers
Name the two primary components of network redundancy
- Telecom infrastructure
- Hardware Infrastructure
What topology class is used for the basic telecom infrastructure?
Class 1
What is the primary difference between a Class 1 and Class2 telecom infrastructure?
In class 2, the ER is served by at least two connections from the same or different AP networks. Class 1 is only one connection
Where does a Class 3 system offer redundancy?
At the system level
How much seperation should be maintained between incoming services in a Class 3 Data Center?
20 m (66 ft)
How many HDAs are required in each equipment distribution area in a Class 4 infrastructure?
Two
How many single points of failure are permitted in a Class 4 infrastructure?
Zero
What is the purpose of a redundant core switch?
Provide a backup connection to each server through a second network
What is the main challenge associated with designing a cabling system in the CR?
Expected useful life of the cabling infrastructure
Name three topologies that are used in a Computer Room (CR)
- Centralized
- End of Row
- Top of Rack
Which Computer Room (CR) topology uses the most cabling?
Centralized
Name two advantages of a centralized toplogy
- Centralized acces to all switch connections
- Equipment cost savings (less equipment)
How many levels of switches are used in an end of row topology?
Two
Does the end of row topology use more or less cabling than the centralized topology?
Less
Which topology uses more switches: centralized or end of row?
End of Row
Which data center topology uses the least amount of cabling?
Top of Rack
What type of design is recommended for a campus network?
Centralized
Name two hardware components associated with a multisite network
- Switch with telecom circuit interface
- Telecom circuit linking site to SP facility
Name three components that are used to direct message traffic in a multisite network
- Dedicated PTP circuit
- Private network
- Public internet
Name three dedicated circuit designes that can be used for a WAN with dedicated circuits
- Centralized
- Partial Mesh
- Full Mesh
What is a WAN hub
A central site in a WAN where two or more remote sites are linked
What is a disadvantage associated with centralized WAN designs?
The potential for total WAN failure in the event of a disruption at the WAN hub
How does a partial mesh WAN design eliminate the risk of a single point of failure?
By linking each site in the WAN to two other sites
How does a full mesh WAN design link sites?
It links each site to all other sites in the WAN
