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Biochem 2 > TCA cycle > Flashcards

TCA cycle Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

fates for pyruvate (4)

A

(1) TCA
(2) lactate
(3) oxaloacetate
(4) alanine

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2
Q

Energy Bookkeeping:

Glycolysis

A

2 NADH

2 ATP

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3
Q

Energy Bookkeeping:

pyruvate DH

A

2 NADH

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4
Q

Energy Bookkeeping:

TCA cycle

A

I cycle:
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 GTP

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5
Q

each NADH yields ____ ATP

A

2.5

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6
Q

Each FADH yields ___ ATP

A

1.5

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7
Q

How many ATP is produced in the end of aerobic

A

32/38

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8
Q

If NADH from cytosolic glycolysis is transported via the glycerol-phosphate shuttle then only _____ ATP is produced

A

30/36

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9
Q

Metabolic node

A

TCA cycle

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10
Q

pyruvate is transported into the

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

where does oxidative metabolism take place w/in mito?

A

matrix

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12
Q

pytuvate DH rxn is an

A

irreversible process

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13
Q

Pyruvate is made into acetyl-coA with what enzyme and cofactor and what is the product

A

the rxn is catalyzed by pyruvate DH with NAD+ as a cofactor

  • CO2 is released
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14
Q

What is so special of CoA?

A

the sulfur bond

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15
Q

Overall Rxn of the pyruvate DH rxn.

A

[Pyruvate] + [HSCoA ]+ [NAD+]—-> [AcCoA] + [CO2] + [NADH] + [H+]

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16
Q

coenzyme on E1 of pyruvate DH

A

Thiamine Pyrophsophate

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17
Q

Thiamine is derived from

A

Vit. B

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18
Q

thiamine binds to pyruvate on

A

thiazole ring

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19
Q

E1 releases

A

CO2

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20
Q

obtained from enriched cereals, grains, pork, legumes, seed, nuts

A

Vit. B

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21
Q

Deficiency of thiamine leads to

A
  • wernicke’s
  • wet beri
  • dry beri
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22
Q

wet beri

A

cardiovascular

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23
Q

dry beri

A

muscle weakness

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24
Q

A young adult is seen with symptoms of fatigue and muscle cramps. The patient is diagnosed to have a thiamine deficiency. Which of the following metabolic acids is the most likely to accumulate under these circumstances?

A. Oxaloacetate
B. Succinate
C. Isocitrate
D. Malate
E. Pyruvate
A

E. Pyruvate

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25
active arm on E2 of pyruvate DH
lipoate
26
riboflavin is derived from
Vit. B2
27
coenzyme on E3 of pyruvate DH
FAD
28
FAD
accepts electrons from lipoate onto flavin ring
29
riboflavin deficiency leads to
Chielosis and Glossitis
30
Pyruvate DH is inhibited by
Phosphorylation
31
factors that promote dephosphorylation of PDH
insulin and calcium
32
PDHA1, x-linked
lactic acidosis
33
PDHA1 tx.
- cofactor (B1/lipoic acid) supplementation - ketogenic dieat - bicarbonate/sodium citrate - dichloroacetate that reduces phosphorylation of PDH
34
Which two enzymatic steps in the TCA cycle result in production of CO2 through oxidative decarboxylation? A. Aconitase and pyruvate dehydrogenase B. Citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase E. Succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase
C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
35
glutamine can enter the TCA cycle through
alpha-ketoglutarate
36
speterospecifity enzyme in the TCA cycle
aconitase
37
alpha-ketoglutarate DH is sensitive to ____ because it has the same coenzymes as PDH
arsenic
38
citrate inhibits
PFK1
39
An increase in which of the following ratios causes an increase in the activity of regulated enzymes of the TCA cycle? ``` A. acetylCoA/pyruvate B. ATP/ADP C. NAD+/NADH D. NADP+/NADPH E. pyruvate/lactate ```
C. NAD+/NADH
40
mutations associated with a variety of tumros
isocitrate DH
41
mutations that cause a predisposition to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas as well as kidney cancers
Fumarase
42
mutations associated with phaeochromocytoma
succinate DH
43
Pantothenic B5
burning feet syndrome
44
Pyridoxine B6
stomatitis, chielitis, irritability
45
Biotin
Seborrhea
46
lipoamide
Dihydrolipoamide DH mutations
47
who cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane
- OAA | - Acetyl-CoA
48
PDC has ____ subunits and ____ coenzymes
PDC has 3 subunits and 5 coenzymes
49
trivalent arsenic poisoning targets
lipoate
50
Hydroxyethyl-TPP reacts with
lipoate on E2
51
hydroxyethyl becomes acetyl to form ________ & other S is reduced to _____
hydroxyethyl becomes acetyl to form thioester & other S is reduced to S-H
52
CoA-SH attacks _____ and takes Acetyl to form _______
CoA-SH attacks thioester and takes Acetyl to form Acetyl-CoA
53
E3 of PDC helps to regenerate _______ on Lipoate of E2
disulfide bond
54
FAD has a _____ molecule and it is derived from ________
FAD has a flavin molecule and it is derived from Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
55
Vitamin B2 deficiency gives rise to
Glossitis and chielosis
56
pyruvate DH is inhibited by ________ and ________
phosphorylation and product inhibition
57
PDC is activated by kinase which is inhibited by _____ and ______ and activated by _______
PDC is activated by kinase which is inhibited by substrates and ADP and activated by products
58
PDC deficinecy tx. (3)
(1) high fat/low carb-ketogenic (2) carnitine supplements (3) NaCO3- helps with Lactic Acidosis
59
Produce reduced coenzymes: M.I.A
- malate DH: NADH - isocitrate DH: NADH/CO2 - alpha-ketoglutarate DH: NADH/CO2
60
succinate DH produces
FADH2
61
synthase/synthetase makes
CoA
62
Succinyl-CoA synthetase has substrate level phosphorylation to make
GTP
63
intestinal epithelium uses _____ as primary fuel source
glutamate
64
can be converted to aspartate/asparagine
OAA
65
used in heme synthesis
succinyl-CoA
66
used to convert to Glutamate/glutamine
alpha-ketogluturate
67
used to make FAs and Sterols
Citrate
68
Converted to Pyruvate
Malate
69
glutamate can be used for
purines
70
OOA can be converted to _____ then to ______
To PEP and the nto Glucose
71
aspartate/asparagine used for
purines/ pyrimidines
72
TCA enzymes are
optically active
73
alpha-ketoglutarate DH is sensitive to
trivalent arsenis poisoning
74
______ can pass mitochondrial barrier, thus can cross to ______ to inhibit _____ and inhibit _________ creation
Citrate can pass mitochondrial barrier, thus can cross to cytoplasm to inhibit PFK1 and inhibit Acetyl-CoA
75
anaplerotic pathway increases the ____ of the TCA cycle
Rate
76
succinate DH linked to
endocrine tumors
77
fumarase mut. cause predisposition to
cutaneous/uterine leiomyomas and kidney cancer

Biochem 2 (14 decks)

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