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Biochem 2 > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

what to happens after eating a heavy fatty meal?

A

slows gastric transport and absorption

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2
Q

First step of alcohol metabolism

A

oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde

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3
Q

enzyme of the first step of alcohol metabolism

A

alcohol DH

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4
Q

what do you nee for the oxidation step from ethanol to acetaldehyde?

A

NAD+

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5
Q

what do you nee for the oxidation step from ethanol to acetaldehyde?

A

NAD+

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6
Q

ADH1B*2

A

allele found majorly in the asian population and it allows for a quicker metabolism of alcohol of the first step

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7
Q

what is activated under chronic alcohol consumption?

A

MEOS: microsomal ethanol oxidizing system

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8
Q

second step of alcohol metabolism

A

oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate

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9
Q

enzyme of the second step of alcohol metabolism

A

aldehyel DHII

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10
Q

Aldehyde DHII is inhibited by

A

disulfiram (antabuse)

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11
Q

what do you nee for the oxidation step from acetaldehyde to acetate?

A

NAD+

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12
Q

What is a common feature of reduced activity of aldehyde DHII?

A

red face

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13
Q

E487K is a mutation in

A

Aldehyed DHII; reduced activity

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14
Q

why is a mutation that reduces the activity of ADHII so bad?

A

acetaldehyde is a carcinogen and the longer it takes to get it oxidized the higher the risk of developing esophogeal cancer

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15
Q

How can we convert acetate to acetyl-CoA?

A

with AcetylCoA synthetase and ATP

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16
Q

production of NADH inhibits

A

Gluconegensis by reducing Oxaloacetate

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17
Q

A fraternity (sorority?) pledge arrives at the ER confused, hypoglycemic and with a high liver NADH. This person:
A. Will show cocaine in the urine
B. Is a type II diabetic
C. Takes amitryptyline
D. Has been consuming alcohol
E. Has been exposed to infected bodily fluids

A

D. Has been consuming alcohol

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18
Q

Production of NADH stimulates

A

triglyceride formation

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19
Q

what role does acetaldehyde play in fatty liver disease?

A

it increases transcription factors driving FA synthesis and inhibits transcription factors supporting FA oxidation

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20
Q

Alcoholics are often _____ deficient

A

thiamine

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21
Q

thiamine deficiency leads to (2) possible dx.

A

(1) Wernicke’s

(2) Korsakoff’s

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22
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy is what phase?

A

Acute

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23
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy acronym

24
Q

Korsakoff’s psychosis is what phase

25
Korsakoff's psychosis acronym
RACK
26
COAT
C- confusion O- ophthalmoplegia A- ataxia T- thiamine Tx.
27
RACK
R- retrograde amnesia (lose old) A- anterograde amnesia (no new) C- confabulation K- korsakoff's psychosis
28
ethanol vs methanol
ethanol has higher affinity to alcohol DH
29
Methanol forms
formate
30
formate leads to
tissue damage (eye), acidosis
31
anti-freeze
glycols
32
glycols forms
glycolic acid
33
glycolic acid leads to
acidosis (kidney failure)
34
where is ethanol absorbed
- 20% stomach | - 80% intestine
35
clearance of alcohol is a relatively
slow process
36
Disulfuram is an inhibitor of
ALDH2
37
Habitual drinkers activate a
cytochrome p450
38
what does MEOS do?
clears alocohol faster than normal
39
fomepizole is a pharmacologic inhibitor of
ADH
40
if women typically have more fat what happens with alcohol?
they experience higher blood ethanol levels
41
alochol is
water-soluble
42
NAD+ is an ______ and thus gets
NAD+ is an oxidizing agent and thus gets reduced
43
ADH1B*2 has a _____ km and ______ vmax
higher
44
MEOS leads to what being reduced?
NACP+ reduced to NADPH
45
ALDH2 is a ______ and has a _______ effect
ALDH2 is a tetramer and has a dominant-negative effect
46
acetate is either converted ______ or released _______
acetate is either converted to acetyl-CoA or released as acetic acid
47
OAA is a precursor to _____ thus inhibits_______ leading to ________
OAA is a precursor to Glucose thus inhibits Gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia
48
increased NADH concentration affects___________ by inhibiting the oxidation of ________ to acetyl-CoA
fatty acid metabolism by inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA
49
Glycerol-3-phosphate serves as a precursor molecule to
triglyceride
50
alocholics are often
thiamine deficient
51
Moonshine
ADH to formaldehyde
52
formaldehyde is converted to formate via
ADH2
53
what can be used as competitive inhibitors of ADH?
fomepizole/ethanol
54
formate causes
tissue damage and acidosis
55
Glycol cause severe ____ but can also be tx with _____
causes severe acidosis but can be tx. with alcohol

Biochem 2 (14 decks)

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