TB and Worms

Question 1

Tuburculosis Pathophysiology

Answer 1

caused by M. tuberculosis
affects lungs
may cause massive pulmonary tissue damage

Question 2

Isoniazid

INH

Answer 2

targets enzyme needed for assembly of mycolic acid in mycobacteria
tuberculosis

Question 3

Isoniazid Resistance

Answer 3

deletion of gene that codes for catalase- needed for activation

Question 4

Adverse Effects of Isoniazid

Answer 4

peripheral neuritis

supplement with B12

Question 5

Rifampin

Answer 5

inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase; blocks transcription
tuberculosis

Question 6

Adverse Effects of Rifampin

Answer 6

urine, feces, tears turn orange- red

Question 7

Pyrazinamide

Answer 7

activated to pyrazinoic acid by enzymes in M. tuberculosis

Question 8

Adverse Effects of Pyrazinamide

Answer 8

hyperuricemia

Question 9

Ethambutol

Answer 9

inhibits synthesis of part of cell wall

specific for M tuberculosis

Question 10

Adverse Effects of Ethambutol

Answer 10

optic neuritis, decreased VAs, retinal damage, R/G colorblindness

Question 11

Streptomycin

Answer 11

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30S

tuberculosis

Question 12

Adverse Effects of Streptomycin

Answer 12

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

can’t take long term

Question 13

Initiation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment

Answer 13

isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol

2 months

Question 14

Continuation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment

Answer 14

isoniazid and rifampin

4 months

Question 15

Prevention of Tuberculosis

Answer 15

isoniazid

rifampin as alternative

Question 16

For Prophylaxis of MAC

Answer 16

azithromycin

clarithromycin

Question 17

Rifabutin

Answer 17

inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase, stopping transcription
for MAC

Question 18

Onchocerca volvulus

Answer 18

river blindness

Question 19

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 19

pinworms

Question 20

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 20

roundworm/ ascariasis

Question 21

Albendazole and Mebendazole

Answer 21

inhibits microtubule synthesis

for roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm

Question 22

Pyrantel pamoate

Answer 22

stimulates nicotinic receptors present at neuromuscular junction, causing spastic paralysis
for roundworm, hookworm, pinworm

Question 23

Ivermectin

Answer 23

GABA agonist, causes hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells- death
for onchocerciasis (rivermectin)

Question 24

Praziquantel

Answer 24

increase membrane permeability to calcium- muscle contraction and paralysis
for tapeworms