TB and Worms Flashcards
Tuburculosis Pathophysiology
caused by M. tuberculosis
affects lungs
may cause massive pulmonary tissue damage
Isoniazid
INH
targets enzyme needed for assembly of mycolic acid in mycobacteria
tuberculosis
Isoniazid Resistance
deletion of gene that codes for catalase- needed for activation
Adverse Effects of Isoniazid
peripheral neuritis
supplement with B12
Rifampin
inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase; blocks transcription
tuberculosis
Adverse Effects of Rifampin
urine, feces, tears turn orange- red
Pyrazinamide
activated to pyrazinoic acid by enzymes in M. tuberculosis
Adverse Effects of Pyrazinamide
hyperuricemia
Ethambutol
inhibits synthesis of part of cell wall
specific for M tuberculosis
Adverse Effects of Ethambutol
optic neuritis, decreased VAs, retinal damage, R/G colorblindness
Streptomycin
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30S
tuberculosis
Adverse Effects of Streptomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
can’t take long term
Initiation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment
isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol
2 months
Continuation Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment
isoniazid and rifampin
4 months
Prevention of Tuberculosis
isoniazid
rifampin as alternative
For Prophylaxis of MAC
azithromycin
clarithromycin
Rifabutin
inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase, stopping transcription
for MAC
Onchocerca volvulus
river blindness
Enterobius vermicularis
pinworms
Ascaris lumbricoides
roundworm/ ascariasis
Albendazole and Mebendazole
inhibits microtubule synthesis
for roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm
Pyrantel pamoate
stimulates nicotinic receptors present at neuromuscular junction, causing spastic paralysis
for roundworm, hookworm, pinworm
Ivermectin
GABA agonist, causes hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells- death for onchocerciasis (rivermectin)
Praziquantel
increase membrane permeability to calcium- muscle contraction and paralysis
for tapeworms
