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Pharmacology > Cholinergics > Flashcards

Cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

away from target organ

reflexes- baroreceptor reflex and emotional stimuli

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2
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

to target organ

pre and post ganglionic

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3
Q

Preganglionic Neuron

A

cell body in CNS
from brainstem or spinal cord to ganglia
myelinated

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4
Q

Postganglionic Neuron

A

cell body originates in ganglia
nonmyelinated
ends at target organ

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5
Q

Sympathetic Neuron Origins

A

from T1-T12 or L1-L5

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6
Q

Sypathetic Neurons

A

synapse in ganglia chains

short pre, long post

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7
Q

Parasympathetic Neuron Origins

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

S2-S4

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Neurons

A

long pre, short post

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9
Q

Sympathetic Affects

A 
eyes- dilate
heart- increase beats
lungs- bronchodilate
GI- vasoconstrict- slows mvmt
Urinary- stops
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10
Q

Parasympathetic Affects

A 
eyes- constrict
heart- decrease beats
lungs- bronchoconstrict
GI- vasodilate- increase mvmt
Urinary- increases
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11
Q

Neurotransmitter acting on nicotinic receptors

A

ACh

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter acting on muscarinic receptors

A

ACh

parasympathetic

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter acting on A and B receptors

A

NE

sympathetic

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14
Q

What is different about sweat glands?

A

part of sympathetic but have a muscarinic receptor and so respond to ACh

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15
Q

Nn

A

acts on nerves

ganglia, adrenal medulla

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16
Q

Nm

A

acts on skeletal muscles
voluntary actions
still uses ACh

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17
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

stim by ACh
releases Epi and NE into blood
aka neurohumoral

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18
Q

Andrenergic

A

NE acting on a A or B receptor

cardiac and smooth mm, glands, nerve terminals

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19
Q

Dopaminergic

A

Dopamine acting on dopamine receptor

renal vascular smooth muscle

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20
Q

Cholinergic

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

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21
Q

Nervous system required for life

A

Parasympathetic

symp not needed

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22
Q

Dual Innervation of Para and Symp

A

Para dominates

Symp only dominates when it is the only one present

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23
Q

Organs that receive only sympathetic innervation

A

blood vessels
adrenal medulla
pilomotor muscles
sweat glands

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24
Q

Cannot release Epinephrine

A

nerves

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25
Rate limiter in Ach release
Choline transported into nerve
26
Allows Ach to be released from vesicles inside the nerve
Ca channels
27
3 Fates of Ach
binds to receptor broken down by acetylcholine-esterase; choline recycled reuptake at presynaptic receptor
28
Presynaptic Receptor
M2- Gi | for negative feedback
29
Increasing cAMP has what affect on nerves?
closes Ca channels | Ach release stopped
30
M agonist affect on nerves
more Ach released, more parasympathetic affects
31
Ach-esterase inhibitor affect on nerves
more Ach stays in system, more parasympathetic affects
32
Botox affect on nerves
inhibits release of Ach | stops sweat, mm paralysis
33
Spider Venom affect on nerves
more Ach released | more para affects
34
M1 Receptors
in brain
35
M2 Receptors
heart | presynaptic ganglion
36
M3
everything else
37
M1, M3, M5 interact with
Gs
38
M2 and M4 interact with
Gi
39
Muscarinic Agonists
bind muscarinic receptors same affects as Ach but longer half life para affects + sweating
40
Examples of Muscarinic Agonists
``` bethanechol carbachol methacholine pilocarpine cevimeline ```
41
Blood vessels under the effect of muscarinic agonist
vasodilate from nitric oxide release
42
Bethanechol
muscarinic agonist | stim smooth muscle of GI and bladder
43
Carbachol
muscarinic agonist | rarely used
44
Methacholine
muscarinic agonist | inhaler- causes bronchoconstriction to diagnose non-apparent asthma
45
Pilocarpine
muscarinic agonist | glaucoma
46
Cevimeline
muscarinic agonist | for xerostomia/ Sjogren's syndrome- stim salivary secretion to fix cottonmouth
47
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmune disease causing decreased secretions
48
Treating Glaucoma
``` decrease production increase drainage (muscarinic agonist) ```
49
Fixing muscarinic toxicity
atropine | epinephrine
50
Examples of Ach-esterase Inhibiters
``` physostigmine pyridostigmine neostigmine edrophonium donepezil ```
51
Physostigmine
Ach-esterase inhibitor tertiary amine- lipid sol can enter CNS and cause seizure
52
Pyridostigmine/ Neostigmine
Ach-esterase inhibitor | treat myasthenia gravis
53
Edrophonium
Ach-esterase inhibitor | diagnose myasthenia gravis- results in rapid increase in muscle strength
54
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disease where antibodies attack Nm receptors | weakness in skeletal mm, especially face- ptosis
55
Donepezil
Ach-esterase inhibitor treat Alzheimer's can enter CNS
56
Alzheimer's
loss of cholinergic neurons- not enough Ach
57
Irreversible Ach-esterase Examples
sarin nerve gas | parathion and malathion (insecticides)
58
Pralidoxime
frees enzyme of irreversible Ach-esterase inhibitor if given in proper time frame
59
Toxicity of Ach-esterase Inhibitors
DUMBBEELSS diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, excitation of CNS, emesis, lacrimation, salivation, sweating
60
Treating Ach-esterase Inhibitor toxicity
atropine- muscarinic blocker
61
Most dangerous part of Ach inhibitor toxicity
diaphragm paralysis | wont be treated with atropine since has a Nm receptor
62
Antimuscarinic Agents
block muscarinic receptors
63
Atropine
Muscarinic blocker gets into CNS half life of 2 hrs; can last 72 hrs + in eye
64
Meds to dilate pupil
``` muscarinic blockers atropine (72 hrs) homatropine (24 hrs) cyclopentolate (2-12 hrs) tropicamide (.5-4 hrs) ```
65
Scopolamine
M blocker | motion sickness
66
Parkinsons
from loss of dopaminergic neurons | too little dopamine and too much Ach
67
Treating Parkinsons
M blocker
68
Motion Sickness
stimulation of M receptors
69
Asthma and COPD
bronchoconstriction | treat with M blockers- bronchodilation
70
Tolterodine, Oxybutynin
M blocker | reduce urgency
71
Toxicity of M Antagonists
``` decreased salivation vasodilation CNS effects no accommodation can be fatal in infants- overheating acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly ```

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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