Diuretics

Question 1

Act on Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 1

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 2

Act on Ascending Loop of Henle

Answer 2

Loop diuretics

Question 3

Act on Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 3

Thiazide diuretics

Question 4

Act on Collecting Ducts

Answer 4

K sparing diuretics

Question 5

Na Pump in Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 5

Na/ H exchange

Question 6

Source of H in PCT

Answer 6

bicarbonate

Question 7

Breaks down bicarbonate

Answer 7

carbonic anhydrase

Question 8

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

CAI

Answer 8

stops breakdown of bicarb
no H- Na can’t get into cell
Na excreted with water

Question 9

Decrease bicarb reabsorption causes….

Answer 9

metabolic acidosis

Question 10

Na Pump in Thick Ascending Tubule

Answer 10

Na/ K/ Cl symporter

Question 11

Causes reabsorption of Mg and Ca

Answer 11

K leak channels separating cells in TAL

Question 12

Loop Diuretic

Answer 12

blocks Na/ K/ Cl symporter
K wont leak
Mg/ Ca wont enter cell
Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl excreted

Question 13

Na Pump of Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 13

Na/ Cl symporter

Na/ Ca antiporter on basal side

Question 14

Thiazide Diuretic

Answer 14

Blocks Na/ Cl symporter
more Ca brought in to balance Na at the Na/ Ca antiporter
increases Ca reabsorption (saves Ca)

Question 15

Regulates Na/ Ca Antiporter in DCT

Answer 15

parathyroid hormone

Question 16

Pumps of Collecting Tubule

Answer 16

Na/ K coupled channels- Na in, K out

H goes out when K does

Question 17

K Sparing Diuretics

Answer 17

Block Na channel, causing K to be trapped in cell

Question 18

K waste =

Answer 18

H waste

Question 19

Hypokalemia =

Answer 19

alkalosis

Question 20

Hyperkalemia =

Answer 20

acidosis

Question 21

Example of CAI

Answer 21

Acetazolamide

zolamides

Question 22

CAI and Eye

Answer 22

inhibits CA in ciliary body

decreases rate of aqueous production

Question 23

Uses for CAI

Answer 23

glaucoma
acute mountain sickness- prevent resp alkalosis
seizures

Question 24

Adverse Effects of CAI

Answer 24

metabolic acidosis if used systemically

Question 25

Examples of Loop Diuretics

Answer 25

Furosemide

Torsemide

Question 26

Uses of Loop Diuretics

Answer 26

acute pulmonary edema
CHF
edema

Question 27

Most Powerful Diuretics

Answer 27

Loops

Question 28

Administering Loop Diuretics

Answer 28

IV because of short half life

Question 29

Adverse Effects of Loop Diuretics

Answer 29

ototoxicity- tinnitus, sense of fullness in ears
from blocking Na/ K/ Cl cotransport in inner ear
hypokalemic alkalosis

Question 30

Examples of Thiazides

Answer 30

HTZD

Chlorthalidone

Question 31

Uses for Thiazides

Answer 31

hypertension
CHF
hypercalcemia- kidney stones

Question 32

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 32

causes a decreased response to ADH

Question 33

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Thiazides

Answer 33

lose Na with water
causes increase to RAAS
increase Na reabsorption in PCT- retain water

Question 34

Adverse Effects of Thiazides

Answer 34

hypokalemic alkalosis
hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia

Question 35

Weakest Diuretic

Answer 35

K sparing

Question 36

Examples of K Sparing Diuretics

Answer 36

spironolactone, eplerenone

amiloride

Question 37

Spironolactone and Eplerenone

Answer 37

aldosterone receptor blockers

Question 38

Uses for Spironolactone and Eplerenone

Answer 38

diuretics
hyperaldosteronism
heart failure

Question 39

Adverse Effects of K Sparing Diuretics

Answer 39

hyperkalemia

Question 40

Amiloride

Answer 40

blocks Na channels

maintains normal potassium levels