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PID > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of TB used to be significant?

A

Mastitis

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2
Q

Which other system is invovled as well the pulmonary disease?

A

Draining lymph nodes

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3
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

Nasal and aerosol

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4
Q

What is gold-standard for TB diagnosis?

A

CUlture

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5
Q

What’s the problem with culture?

A

Insensitive

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6
Q

What’s the problem with antibody tests for M bovis?

A

Poor sensitivity

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7
Q

Which species if the specific immune response against in diagnosis or surveillance?

A

M bovis

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8
Q

Which species are used in SICCT?

A

M bovis and M avium

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9
Q

After how long do you read a TB test?

A

72 hours

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10
Q

What kind of immunity do you see in SICCT?

A

Cell-mediated

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11
Q

What is the sensitivity and specificity of SICCT like?

A

High specificity, low sensitivity

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12
Q

How does Bovigam work?

A

IFN-gamma ELISA to measure the total amount

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13
Q

What’s the problem with Bovigam?

A

Does have higher sensitivity but lower specificity so more false reactions and can’t use it to screen herds

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14
Q

Which species will extended pasteurisation (15-25 seconds) work against?

A

M paratuberculosis

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15
Q

Who is responsible for slaughterhouse surveillance?

A

FSA

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16
Q

Who does the compulsory TB testing?

A

Private vets paid and managed by the government

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17
Q

How often is TB testing done?

A

1-4 years

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18
Q

What happened to TB testing in 2001?

A

Reduced testing by 60% and disease prevalence doubled and has not really reduced

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19
Q

Which part of the country are the epidemics usually?

A

Southwest

20
Q

What are the serotypes of epidemics like?

A

Different and locally contained

21
Q

What do homerange maps show?

A

Where each genotype is

22
Q

Why do slaughterhouse cases have lungs affected more than reactors?

A

More time for disease to develop

23
Q

What are TB areas divided into?

A

High, edge and low risk areas

24
Q

How often is TB testing in Cheshire?

A

6 months

25
Q

What happens if TB tests are failed?

A

Can’t move animals unless to finisher units or slaughterhouses

26
Q

What must happen before the failed tests can go to slaughter?

A

Failed test must be confirmed by repeating it - called “breakdown”

27
Q

What happens if the failed test is not confirmed?

A

Goes to follow-up

28
Q

What will happen to most breakdowns?

A

Likely to recover

29
Q

When is the TB risk largest?

A

If the farmer has had it before

30
Q

What % of infected herds have had breakdown in previous 3 years?

A

50%

31
Q

Why might having a PI not lead to breakdown?

A

High turnover rates

32
Q

How many farms may have a PI?

A

20%

33
Q

What is most TB recurrence due to?

A

Re-introduction

34
Q

What is herd prevalence in annual testing areas?

A

16-18%

35
Q

What is the evidence for badgers?

A

Ideal host, 6% badgers infected where TB was a problem but 0.75% elsewhere, experimental transmission shown, other species show no spread, badgers are the only infected spcies, 100% match of DNA types in cattle and badger cases

36
Q

What did the Thornberry study show?

A

If badgers culled for 5 years, no TB in cattle for 10 years

37
Q

How is badger culling different in Ireland compared to UK?

A

UK has lower badger density, different ecology, natural boundary

38
Q

What can all breakdown be traced to in Scotland?

A

Transmission between cattle

39
Q

What kind of vaccine is the BCG vaccination?

A

Attenuated M bovis

40
Q

What is efficacy of vaccination compared to tuberculin testing?

A

Less

41
Q

How does vaccination affect the skin test?

A

Sensitizes, even 20% reactivity at 12 months

42
Q

What is protection like 24 months after vaccination?

A

None

43
Q

Why can you not vaccinate alongside test and slaughter?

A

There are DIVA tests but none specific or sensitive enough

44
Q

What is the problem with the badger vaccine?

A

Expensive and logistically difficult, and not shown to affect cattle rates

45
Q

What is the 25 year TB strategy?

A

1/4 yearly SICCT, slaughterhouse surveillance, follow up 6/12 month tests, pre-movement testing, unpasterised milk producers must test more often, gamma-IFN in low-risk areas

PID (21 decks)

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