Systemic Pathology Flashcards
What are the two types of splenomegaly?
Diffuse or nodular
What can cause diffuse splenomegaly?
Inflammatory, physical, chemical, FIP, barbiturates
What can cause nodular splenomegaly?
Hyperplasia, neoplasia, abscesses, granuloma
What does the spleen look like in anthrax?
DIffusely enlarged and congested
What are the two types of splenitis?
Acute or chronic granulomatous
What can splenic abscesses be secondary to in cattle?
Rumenitis
What is septicaemia?
Bacteria replicating in bloodstream
What is bacteraemia?
Bacteria present in bloodstream
What is viraemia?
Virus present in bloodstream
Which condition look similar to septicaemia?
Toxaemia
What bacteria often cause septicaemia?
Gram -ve
What does a septicaemic carcase look like?
Congestion, oedema, petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhage
Why does a septicaemic carcase appear dark?
Don’t bleed out
What are clinical signs of bovine colisepticaemia?
Petechial haemorrhage
What is the cause of bovine colisepticaemia?
E Coli
Which bacteria produce exotoxins?
Clostridia
Which bacteria produce endotoxins?
Gram -ves
What kind of bacteria cause TSS?
Gram +ves
Which kind of cells is LPS toxic to?
Endothelial cells
What happens following toxicity to the endothelial cells?
Basement membrane exposed so get thrombosis and haemorrhage
What does a toxaemic carcase look like?
COngestion of lungs, liver, intestine and haemorrhage into gut
Where can bacteraemia localise?
Endocardium, joints, meninges, bone, spine, organs
What can two consequences of valvular endocarditis be?
Heart murmur or septic embolism
What are clinical signs of DIC?
Shock, resp distress, heart or renal failure
What kind of coagulopathy can DIC cause?
Consumption (consumption and depletion and factors)
Why are thrombi hard to detect?
Undergo lysis
What are some causes of DIC?
Shock, transfusions, burns, trauma, infection, endothelium change, necrosis, pancreatitis
What do animals dying of shock look like at PM?
Congested lungs and intestines from localised anoxia so patchy, blood stained fluid in intestine, renal cortex is pale and medulla is dark
