TB Flashcards
What is the causative bacteria of TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
mycobacterium bovis also
How is TB spread?
Inhalation of cough/sneeze droplets of a person with pulmonary TB
What are the phases of TB?
Active
Latent= no clinical, bacterial of radiographic evidence of TB
How is TB spread though the body?
Lymphatics
What are some risk factors for TB?
HIV Immunosuppression Alcohol IV drug use Malignancy DM Smoking Homelessness Birth in endemic country
What is the typical presentation of TB?
Chronic gradually worsening symptoms 70%= pulmonary TB Lethrgy Fever, night sweats Weight loss Lymphadenopathy Cough, haemoptysis Erythema nodosum Spinal pain= spinal TB
What investigations ar done for TB?
CXR FBC Sputum Mantoux Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage
What are the features on CXR of TB?
Primary= patchy shadowing
Caseating granulomas
Lymphadenopathy
Disseminated biliary TB= millet seeds
What is done with sputum to test for TB?
Smear, culture, PCR, NAAT
What is the screening for TB in under 16s or those without a BCG?
Mantoux test
What is the outcome of Mantoux test screening for <16s/those without BCG?
\+= CXR -= repeat in 6 weeks and give BCG
What is the screening for TB in >16s and those with BCG?
CXR
+= investigate
-= reassure
What is the treatment of TB?
RIPE
- 6 months rifampicin, isoniazid
- 2 months pyrazinamide, ethambutol
What are the side effects of rifampicin?
Orange urine and tears
Hepatitis
Induces liver enzymes= pred, anticonvulsants and the pill ineffective
What are the side effects of isoniazid?
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
