Pulmonary oedema

Question 1

What is pulmonary oedema?

Answer 1

Lung tissues and alveoli fill with interstitial fluids interfering with normal gas exchange

Question 2

What are the broad causes of pulmonary oedema?

Answer 2

Cardiogenic

Non cardiogenic

Question 3

What are the cardiogenic causes of pulmonary oedema?

Answer 3

Heart failure

Hypertensive crisis

Question 4

What are the non cardiogenic cases od pulmonary oedema?

Answer 4

PE
Negative pressure in lungs
Acute lung injury
Neurogenic

Question 5

What is the presentation of pulmonary oedema?

Answer 5

SOB 
Cough productive of pink, frothy sputum 
Orthopnoea 
Signs of heart failure 
End inspiratory crackles

Question 6

What investigations are done for pulmonary oedema?

Answer 6

CXR
ECG, echo
FBC, U&Es, LFTs, CRP
B natriuretic peptide

Question 7

What is seen on CXR with pulmonary oedema?

Answer 7

Interstitial oedema
Kerley B lines= expansion of interstitial space by fluid
Upper lobe diversion= increased blood supply to upper parts of lungs

Question 8

What is the management of all pulmonary oedema?

Answer 8

Oxygen and airway support if necessary
Sit upright
Treat cause

Question 9

What is the management of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

Answer 9

Stop fluids

IV furosemide 40mg