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Resp AM > Pneumothorax and Haemothorax > Flashcards

Pneumothorax and Haemothorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is lobar collapse?

A

Obstruction of airway prevents airflow to lobe and causes collapse

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2
Q

What can cause lobar collapse?

A

Lung cancer
Asthma
Infection
Foreign body

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3
Q

What is the presentation of lobar collapse?

A

Acute= SOB
Chronic= asymptomatic, SOB
Features of cause

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4
Q

What investigation if done for lobar collapse?

A

CXR

  • tracheal deviation towards affected side
  • elevation of hemidiaphragm
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5
Q

What are the types f pneumothorax?

A

Non tension

Tension- acts as one way valve, allowing air to enter but not exit the pleural space, increasing pressure

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6
Q

What are the causes of pneumothorax?

A

Spontaneous- primary or secondary

Traumatic- iatrogenic or non iatrogenic

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7
Q

What is a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

No underlying lung pathology

Normally tall, thin 20-30yo men

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8
Q

What is a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Underlying lung pathology

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for pneumothorax?

A

Existing lung disease
Connective tissue disease- Marfan, RA
Ventilation, including NIV

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10
Q

What is the presentation of pneumothorax?

A 
Small and otherwise well= asymptomatic 
Sudden onset dyspnoea, tachypnoea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia 
Reduced chest expansion 
Hyperresonance 
Absent/reduced breath sounds
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11
Q

What is the deviation of the trachea in tension and non tension pneumothoraces?

A

Tension= away from affected side

Non tension= towards

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12
Q

What investigation is done for pneumothorax?

A

CXR

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13
Q

What is the management of a tension pneumothorax?

A

Needle decompression with large bore cannula 2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line
Chest tube 5th intercostal space midaxillary line

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14
Q

What is the management of a primary pneumothorax?

A

<2cm, asymptomatic= observe

>2cm, symptomatic= aspiration, chest drain if failure of aspiration

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15
Q

What is the management of a secondary pneumothorax?

A

<1cm= observe
1-2cm= aspiration
>2cm, symptomatic, >50yo, failure of aspiration= chest drain

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16
Q

What are the management options of pneumothorax?

A 
Observe 
Aspiration 
Chest drain 
Talc poudrage 
Pleurodesis 
Pleurectomy
17
Q

What are the principles of inserted a chest drain?

A

Triangle of safety= 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line, anterior axillary line
Inserted just above rib to avoid neuromuscular bundle

18
Q

What causes a haemothorax?

A

Usually laceration of lung, intercostal vessels or internal mammary artery

19
Q

What is the presentation of a haemothorax?

A 
Chest pain 
Dyspnoea 
Reduced/absent breath sounds 
Hyporesonant, stony dull 
Tachycardia 
Massive= decompensation
20
Q

What is the investigation for haemothorax?

A

CXR

21
Q

What is the management of a haemothorax?

A

Large bore chest drain- if >1500mls drained, contact thoracic surgery

Resp AM (17 decks)

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