Taxonomy and Adaptations Flashcards
Vertebrae classes
Mammalia, aves, reptilia, amphibia, Pisces
Define the term species
A group of living organisms consisting of similar organisms that can interbreed
State two ways evolution takes place
Genetic mutation, natural selection
Taxonomic hierarchy in order
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Four features of amphibians
Backbone, camouflage, moist skin, cold blooded
Why are wales classified as mammals
Four chambered heart, have a diaphragm, give birth to live young
Describe a phylogenetic tree
A diagram, family tree
Four features of reptiles
Ectothermic, keratin, eggs fertilised internally, lungs
How does variation lead to evolution
Natural selection, advantageous genes passed on
Behavioural adaptions of amphibia
Basking, breathe through hills, hibernate, climb to escape predator
Two features of mammalia
Produce milk, birth live young
Two features of aves
Feathers, lay eggs
Anatomical adaptations
Adaptions of an animals shape or structure, limbs that are adapted for locomotion and finding sources
Physiological adaptions
Body process, e.g snake venom against predators
Behavioural adaptions
Animals language, tools or survival strategy e.g migration to avoid harsh environments
Methods that can be used to analyse how animals are related
Sequencing, amino acid comparison, immunological comparisons, genetics
How variation and selection pressures can lead to evolution within a species
Heritable, differences in diet, behaviour and aesthetics, linked to changes in dna, natural selection, stabilising selective pressures reduced variation
DNA structure and processes-
Double helix formed by nucleotides
Made up of bases- ADENINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE and GUANINE
Attached to a sugar phosphate backbone
Each base contains nitrogen
Genes are short sections of DNA that carry genetic code for characteristics
Triplet structure of the bases in a gene codes for amino acid
The sequence of bases codes for the amino acids in a polypeptide chain
What is a hydrogen bond
Weak chemical bond that occurs between hydrogen atoms and more electronegative atoms
DNA- definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid (double helix)
RNA- definition
ribonucleic acid- carries instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
