Circulatory System Flashcards
What is the function of the mitral valve?
Prevents backflow, keeps blood flowing in the right direction
What is the function of the killer T cells and helper T cells in the immune system?
Killer T cells: find and destroy infected cells
Helper T cells- identify foreign cells
State 2 structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes and thymus
Explain the roles of the lymphatic system in the immune response
First line of defence against disease, contain antibodies and lymphocytes and good bacteria, supports immune response, swelling as a response to damage/histamine, transports blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones
Give 2 advantages of a double circulatory system in mammals
Allows lower pressure in the lungs, greater flow of blood to the tissue
State the name of the largest artery of the heart
Aorta
State 2 functions of the lymphatic system
Transports white blood cells to lymph nodes, produces antibodies as part of the immune system
State 2 symptoms of Von Willebrand disease in dogs
Bruised skin, weakness, blood in faeces, bleeding gums
What is known as the natural pacemaker (8 marks)
The sinoatrial node (SA)
Where do T cells mature
In the thymus
What cells produce antibodies
B cells
Discuss the structure and functions of blood
Controls PH, transports nutrients (glucose), regulation of body fluid electrolytes, which help to maintain body temp, removed toxins from the body
Cardiac cycle-
2nd- Systole- contraction phase, this is where blood pressure rises
1st- Diastole- relaxation phase, during this stage blood pressure is at its lowest
Three phases of the heartbeat-
2nd - Atrial systole
3rd - Ventricular systole
1st - Diastole
Veins of the heart
Aorta
Vena carva
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery 
Haemoglobin
A protein in the red blood cells that carry oxygen to the bodies organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from organs and tissues back to lungs
Foetal and adult haemoglobin
Foetal- greater affinity for oxygen, better access from mothers blood stream, higher concentration of gradients of oxygen in maternal blood, takes from adult haemoglobin
Mitral valve disease
Leaking valve
Heart failure
Blood flows back into atrium
Swishing sound
How electrical signals control the heart beat
Electrical signals trigger heart to contact or relax
Pacemaker controls rhythm
ATRIOVENTRICULAR node detects impulses coming through atria
Bundle of his carry impulses to the base of the ventricles
Purkinje fibres receive impulses from BOH and cause ventricles to contract
Blood terminology
Erythrocytes l- red blood cells
Leukocytes- white blood cells
Thrombocytes- platelets
Arteries-
Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure
Capillaries
Allow exchange of compounds between blood and tissues
Left side of heart (oxygenated)
Left atrium- left upper chamber
Aorta- transports oxygenated blood from left vent to rest of body
Pulmonary vein- transports oxygenated blood from lungs to atrium
Right side of heart (deoxygenated)
Right atrium- right upper chamber
Vena carva- transports deoxygenated blood from the body to right atrium
Pulmonary artery- transports deoxygenated blood from right vent to the lungs
Myglobin
Found in muscle cells
Carries one oxygen molecule
Acts as oxygen store
Oxygen and iron binding protein
Releases oxygen to muscle cells
