Animal Cells

Question 1

Describe the functions of the nucleus

Answer 1

Contains majority of cells genetic material, nucleus controls cells function, growth and reproduction

Question 2

What is a ribosome

Answer 2

The site for protein synthesis

Question 3

What is mitochondria

Answer 3

The site of cellular respiration

Question 4

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER

Answer 4

The synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids

Question 5

An example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What is endocytosis

Answer 6

The cell membrane engulfs particles, pathogens are sealed of in a vesicle

Question 7

What is exocytosis

Answer 7

Enzymes are exported out of the cell(active transport), vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane

Question 8

State a function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Maintains cell shape, provides strength and support

Question 9

Two purposes of cell division

Answer 9

Growth, repair

Question 10

Function of mitochondria

Answer 10

Produces ATP through respiration

Question 11

Two features of eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

Have a nucleus, organelles surrounded by membrane

Question 12

Two features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 12

No nucleus, no membrane

Question 13

Role of plasma membrane around mitochondria

Answer 13

Separates the contents of mitochondria from the cytoplasm, controls movement of molecules

Question 14

Phospholipids

Answer 14

Control what enters and leaves cell

Question 15

Integral protein

Answer 15

Transport of molecules in and out of cells

Question 16

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Answer 16

Cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors

Question 17

Peripheral proteins

Answer 17

Function as enzymes

Question 18

Function of Cholesterol

Answer 18

Maintains stability of the cell

Question 19

Two types of active transport used in cells

Answer 19

Endocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 20

One method of transport that allows oxygen to move in and out of cells

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

What is ATP

Answer 21

The molecule that supplies engergy in active transport

Question 22

Plasma membrane- fluid mosaic model

Answer 22

Phospholipids- have a hydrophilic head that is attached to water, and the hydrophobic tail that repels water, they form a bilayer

Bilayer- contains many proteins, some integral and CROSS the membrane some are peripheral and are found ONLY ON ONE side of the membrane

Glycolipids- attached to the long carbohydrate chains, (phospholipids) proteins attached are called glycoproteins

Question 23

functions of the nucleolus

Answer 23

primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes. The nucleolus is also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.

Question 24

Role of the plasma membrane

Answer 24

• semi permeable, controls the transport of molecules in and out of the cells
• separates contents of the cell from the outside environment
• allows other cells to recognise the cell as belonging to the body
• allows cells to signal each other
• allows molecules/hormones to bind to the receptors in the membrane
• holds the compounds of some chemical reactions eg enzymes

Question 25

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

Large/charged molecules that can only move in or out of a cell with the help of proteins down a concentration gradient
Channel proteins open and close specific substances through
Carrier proteins aid transport across the membrane

Question 26

Blood composition

Answer 26

Plasma- pale liquid, 55%of blood, transport of molecules and waste products
Erythrocytes- contain haemoglobin transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from blood
Platelets- aid body in repairing after injury
Leukocytes- defend body against disease, B cells- antibody production, T cells- initiate immune response