Animal Cells Flashcards
Describe the functions of the nucleus
Contains majority of cells genetic material, nucleus controls cells function, growth and reproduction
What is a ribosome
The site for protein synthesis
What is mitochondria
The site of cellular respiration
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER
The synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids
An example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
What is endocytosis
The cell membrane engulfs particles, pathogens are sealed of in a vesicle
What is exocytosis
Enzymes are exported out of the cell(active transport), vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane
State a function of the cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape, provides strength and support
Two purposes of cell division
Growth, repair
Function of mitochondria
Produces ATP through respiration
Two features of eukaryotic cells
Have a nucleus, organelles surrounded by membrane
Two features of prokaryotic cells
No nucleus, no membrane
Role of plasma membrane around mitochondria
Separates the contents of mitochondria from the cytoplasm, controls movement of molecules
Phospholipids
Control what enters and leaves cell
Integral protein
Transport of molecules in and out of cells
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
Cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors
Peripheral proteins
Function as enzymes
Function of Cholesterol
Maintains stability of the cell
Two types of active transport used in cells
Endocytosis and pinocytosis
One method of transport that allows oxygen to move in and out of cells
Diffusion
What is ATP
The molecule that supplies engergy in active transport
Plasma membrane- fluid mosaic model
Phospholipids- have a hydrophilic head that is attached to water, and the hydrophobic tail that repels water, they form a bilayer
Bilayer- contains many proteins, some integral and CROSS the membrane some are peripheral and are found ONLY ON ONE side of the membrane
Glycolipids- attached to the long carbohydrate chains, (phospholipids) proteins attached are called glycoproteins
functions of the nucleolus
primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes. The nucleolus is also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
Role of the plasma membrane
- semi permeable, controls the transport of molecules in and out of the cells
- separates contents of the cell from the outside environment
- allows other cells to recognise the cell as belonging to the body
- allows cells to signal each other
- allows molecules/hormones to bind to the receptors in the membrane
- holds the compounds of some chemical reactions eg enzymes
Facilitated diffusion
Large/charged molecules that can only move in or out of a cell with the help of proteins down a concentration gradient
Channel proteins open and close specific substances through
Carrier proteins aid transport across the membrane
Blood composition
Plasma- pale liquid, 55%of blood, transport of molecules and waste products
Erythrocytes- contain haemoglobin transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from blood
Platelets- aid body in repairing after injury
Leukocytes- defend body against disease, B cells- antibody production, T cells- initiate immune response
