skeletal System Flashcards
What is axial?
Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
What is appendicular?
Shoulder, pelvis, upper limbs and lower limbs
State one adaptation of the rabbits skeleton that helps it to hop
Curved flexible spine/ reduced, shorter front legs
State two musculoskeletal disorders
Arthritis/scurvy
Explain functions of ligaments and tendons
Ligaments- connect bones to bones, form a joint, keeps bones together, to allow flexibility, absorb shock
Tendons- connect bones to muscle, allow movement
Symptoms of dysplasia in dogs
Lameness in hind end, stiffness, less movement, swaying
Internal structure of bones in mammals and birds
Mammals- bone marrow, dense bone, blood cells, support
Birds- honeycomb structure, hollow, lighter for flight
State four functions of the skeletal system
Movement, protection, attach muscles, mineral storage
Structure and Functions of integumentary system
Reduces dehydration, thermoregulation, acts as a receptor for sensory organs, largest organ in the body
Examples of joints-
Synovial- hinge, pivot, ball and socket
Fibrous- sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Cartilaginous- sternocostal
3 layers of skin
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Describe layers of the skin
Epidermis- waterproof, gives colour, elastic
Dermis- blood vessels, hair follicles, middle layer
Subcutaneous- stores fat for insulation, blood vessels, bottom layer
Define haematopoiesis
Production of blood cells
Types of joints
Fibrous- connective tissues, allows no movement
Cartilaginous- held by cartilage, allows slight movement
Synovial- when two bones meet, a lot of movement
State two functions of feathers
Insulation, camouflage, flight
Structure and functions of feathers
Mating, down for insulation, contour feathers for colour and shape, filoplumes sensory feathers and send messages to the brain through nerve endings, branches called barbs
Discuss structure and function of integumentary system
Includes skin, hair, scales, hooves, glands and nerves, skin, receptors for detecting stimuli
What is locomotion
A way of transport from one place to another
Locomotion- methods
Running- long limb bones, lightweight skeleton, flexible
Climbing- keratinised nails and claws for grip, prehensile tail, opposable hands and feet
Swimming- long tail/B-road fluke for propulsion, short neck stream line, forelimbs for steering
Hopping/leaping- strong muscles, powerful hind limbs
Gliding- lightweight skeleton, patigium(food of skin between forelimbs and hind limbs)
Powered flight- honey comb structure, feathers, beaks
