Digestive System

Question 1

A feature of the dental structure of a herbivore

Answer 1

Flat teeth, designed to grind, upper and lower incisors grab/nibble

Question 2

Features of the dental structure for a carnivore

Answer 2

Sharp incisors to cut meat, large canine teeth to rip pray

Question 3

Explain a function of the pancreas

Answer 3

Secrets insulin, controls blood sugar levels, neutralises stomach acid

Question 4

Why are carbohydrates important in an animals diet

Answer 4

Provide quick energy, provide bulk of diet, excess is stored as fat, keeping warm

Question 5

Functions of the liver

Answer 5

Production of bile, regulating blood sugar, removes toxins from blood, stores vitamins

Question 6

Causes and symptoms of ruminant bloat

Answer 6

Cause- excess gas in rumen, foreign object
Symptom- pain, swollen stomach

Question 7

Explain how a cows mouth is adapted to eat grass

Answer 7

Flat teeth, sharp incisors, long rough tongue

Question 8

How do birds break down food with no teeth

Answer 8

Beak to tear, claws to grasp, hold food with feet

Question 9

What is the enzyme found in saliva

Answer 9

Amylase

Question 10

Examples of mechanical digestion

Answer 10

Teeth, bile, stomach churning

Question 11

What is the name of one digestive enzyme secreted in the pancreas

Answer 11

Lipase

Question 12

How does the intestinal villi help absorption of nutrients

Answer 12

Large surface area for efficient absorption

Question 13

Compare the roles of the hormones insulin and glucagon

Answer 13

Insulin- converts glucose to glycogen, lowers blood sugar levels, secreted when blood sugar levels are high
Glucagon- converts glycogen to glucose, raises blood sugar levels, secreted when blood sugar levels are low

Question 14

Groups of nutrients

Answer 14

Water -fibre - carbohydrates - lipids - proteins - vitamins - minerals

Question 15

What are peristalsis

Answer 15

The muscular contractions that push food and waste products through the digestive system

Question 16

Discuss the digestion of food in ruminants

Answer 16

Foregut fermenter, ruminant is the first and largest compartment where saline allows bacteria and enzymes to survive and digest cellulose- chemical digestion, mechanical digestion, regurgitation, hydronic acid breaks down microbial protein, small intestine where enzymes complete the breakdown

Question 17

Discuss the adaptations of digestive system in birds

Answer 17

Two caecae to increase the absorption of water, cloaca allows elimination of uric acid and faeces, ingest grit to allow mechanical digestion

Question 18

How are blood sugar levels maintained in animals

Answer 18

Carbohydrate digestion results in blood sugar, pancreas secrets insulin as blood sugar levels increase, insulin stimulates liver and skeletal muscles to form glycogen from glucose

Question 19

State the name of the nutrient that provides amino acids in the diet

Answer 19

Protein