Repiratory System Flashcards
Describe the role of the diaphragm
Contracts, decreases pressure breathing in
How are respiration rate and volume controlled
As carbon dioxide increases, the respiratory rate decreases, raised temperature stimulates respiratory rate, receptors in lung walls control tidal volume
Which organelle is the site for ATP production
Mitochondria
3 structures involved in inhalation and exhalation in mammals
Mouth/nose, trenchea/windpipe, bronchi
Where does gas exchange take place
Alveoli
Two adaptations of avian respiratory system
Nares instead of nostrils, air sacs that extend into burns which reduce weight
4 stages of avian respiration
Air passes through the larynx trachea and into posterior air sacs, gaseous exchange occurs, air moves from the lungs into the cranial air sacs, air moves through the syrinx, trachea and out of the nares
What features of the alveoli improve the efficiency of gaseous exchange
Very thin, with large surface area
Two main gases exchanged between the circulatory and respiratory systems
Carbon dioxide, oxygen
Explain diffusion in the lungs
Gases move from high to low concentration, oxygen is at a higher concentration in the alveoli so diffuses into the bloodstream, carbon dioxide is at higher concentration in bloodstream so diffuses into alveoli
How do cells, circulatory and respiratory systems work together to adapt to running
More energy used= more cellular respiration needed
Cells require more OXYGEN and GLUCOSE
Mitochondria make ATP for energy
Mitochondria require more oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
Carbon dioxide removed from tissues by blood, build up of carbon dioxide causes blood to be acidic
Blood carries oxygen and glucose to respiring tissues
Oxygen and carbon are exchanged at lungs
Increase in respiration rate to exchange more oxygen and carbon dioxide faster.
Discuss anaerobic respiration
Does not use oxygen to produce energy
Animals breathing system adapts to short term anaerobic respiration when there is insufficient oxygen from the heart and lungs for aerobic respiration in muscles
-Less energy is released Breakdown of glucose is incomplete-
Lactic acid is formed during
Oxygen debt is created
Animals breathing increases to allow sufficient oxygen to break down the lactic acid formed from short term
Facilitated diffusion
Uses a protein to carry gases across in diffusion
