Animal Tissues Flashcards
Epithelial tissues
Ciliated, cuboidal, squamous, Pseudostratified, columnar
Two roles of ciliated epithelial tissue
Removes dirt and foreign bodies(prevents infections) moves ova down Fallopian tubes
Explain how a lack of Calcium would affect muscle contraction
There would be less muscle contraction (1) because there would be fewer myosin binding sites exposed (1) if there was not sufficient calcium available (1)
Compare fast and slow twitch muscle fibres
Fast- enables muscles to move quickly, short bursts of energy
Slow- provide power, store more oxygen for aerobic respiration
How the role of acetylcholine results in muscle contractions
Calcium is released, it is a neurotransmitter, muscle shortens, calcium binds to troponin
Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction
ATP breaks down into ADP and P (1) providing energy (1) this enables myosin to pull/join actin filaments / form a cross bridge (1) resulting in filaments sliding / allowing the process to recycle (1)
Process of osmosis
Net movement of water / solvent (1) from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution / against the concentration (1) through a partially permeable membrane (1) until the concentrations are equal / isotonic (1)
Define diffusion
Movement of substances from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution until the concentrations are equal
Active transport in animal cells
Requires energy from ATP, changes protein shape, movement of substances, absorption of nutrients as an exmaple
Tissue types
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue
The name of the small hair like cell found on some epithelial tissue
Cilia
State one function of cartilage
Provides support, protects bone, allows movement
Types of muscle tissue
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal, striated, non striated
Cells that secrete mucus
Goblet cell
3 types of connective tissue
Loose, dense, specialised
What type of muscle would be found in the following structures
Leg- skeletal
Heart- cardiac
Stomach- smooth
3 types of neuron and their function
-Sensory (1) transmitting impulses from sensory organs to the CNS (1)
-Motor (1) transmitting impulses from the CNS to specific muscles or organs (1)
-Inter (1) transmitting impulses between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS
Two contractile proteins found in muscle tissue
Actin, myosin
Example of antagonistic pair of muscles
Biceps and triceps
What is the apical surface
The surface in contact with the external surface
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
-Muscle is made of repeated units called sarcomeres
- Actin and myosin filaments are used
- Myosin are thick filaments, actin are thin filaments
- The filaments slide past each other during contraction
- This shortens the sarcomeres and muscle as a whole
- Calcium binds to the protein troponin and pulls it to one side, moving tropomyosin which is wrapped around actin filaments
- Myosin binding sites are exposed
- Cross bridges are formed when myosin heads bind to actin
- Energy is provided by ATP
- The process is triggered by calcium and an action potenatial
