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8 Biology > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification

A

arranging organisms based on SIMILARITIES

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2
Q

Nomenclature

A

NAMING of organisms

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3
Q

Identification

A

DETERMINATION of organisms

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4
Q

Aristotle’s system

A
  • plants or animals
  • bloodless or red-blooded
  • morphology (structure and size)
  • habitat
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5
Q

Limitations of Artistotle’s system?

A
  • viewed species as distinct, separate, and unchanging
  • doesn’t account for evolutionary relationship of organisms, doesn’t show their true relationship
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6
Q

Linnaeus’s system

A
  • classifies based on morphology and behavior
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7
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Linnaeus’ method of NAMING organisms

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8
Q

Parts of scientific name of species?

A

Genus name and specific epithet; uses Latin

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9
Q

Genus is ______
specific epithet is ______

A

capitalized (first letter only)
lowercase

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10
Q

How to write scientific name?

A

Italicize or underline; Genus can be abbreviated

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11
Q

Modern system of classification

A

scientists (Charles Darwin, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Ernst Haeckl) began classifying based on phylogeny

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12
Q

Systematics

A

study of diversity and evolutionary history relationships among organisms

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13
Q

Phylogeny

A

evolutionary history and relationship between species

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14
Q

Cladistics

A

method for hypothesizing the relationships and history between species, according to order they diverged from a common ancestor

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15
Q

Cladogram

A

branching diagram; represents proposed phylogeny/evolutionary history of species of group; proposed hypothesis based on ANCESTRAL and DERIVED traits

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16
Q

What are the groups in cladograms called?

A

clades

17
Q

What is the mnemonic for taxons?

A

Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great Soup
(Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

18
Q

Genus

A

group of species

19
Q

Species

A

organisms CAPABLE OF REPRODUCTION, and producing FERTILE OFFSPRING

20
Q

How are organisms grouped into domains and kingdoms? Based on what THREE FACTORS?

A

1) Cell type and structure (Prokaryote, eukaryote)
2) Number of cells (Unicellular, multicellular)
3) Mode of nutrition (autotroph, heterotroph, etc.)

21
Q

What were the first TWO KINGDOMS proven?

A

KINGDOMS: Animalia, Vegetabilia
YEAR: 1735
PERSON: Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus

22
Q

Who proved THREE KINGDOMS?

A

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista
YEAR: 1866
PERSON: Ernst Haeckl

23
Q

Who proved FOUR KINGDOMS?

A

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera
YEAR: 1956
PERSON: Herbert Copeland

24
Q

Who proved FIVE KINGDOMS?

A

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera, Fungi
YEAR: 1969
PERSON: Robert Whittaker

25
Q

Who proved SIX KINGDOMS?

A

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
YEAR: 1977
PERSON: Carl Woese

26
Q

Who proved THREE DOMAINS?

A

DOMAINS: Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
YEAR: 1990
PERSON: Carl Woese

27
Q

What are the characteristics of K. Animalia?

A
  • eukaryotes
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophs (ingestion)
28
Q

What are the characteristics of K. Plantae?

A
  • eukaryotes (CHLOROPLAST, CELLULOSE)
  • multicellular
  • photoautotrophs (photosynthesis)
29
Q

What are the characreristics of K. Mycota?

A
  • eukaryotes (CHITIN)
  • multicellular/unicellular (yeast)
  • heterotrophic (absorption)
30
Q

What are the characreristics of K. Protista?

A

“CANNOT FIT WITH OTHER KINGDOMS (mish-mash of everything)”
- eukaryotes; chloroplast and cellulose
- unicellular, colonial (behaves like multicellular, but is actually unicellular), multicellular
- photoautotrophs, heterotrophic

31
Q

What are the characteristics of K. Eubacteria?

A
  • TRUE BACTERIA
  • prokaryotes (peptidoglycan)
  • autotrophs/heterotrophs
32
Q

What are the characteristics of K. Archaebacteria?

A
  • EXTREME BACTERIA (extremophiles)
  • prokaryotes NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
  • autotrophs/heterotrophs
33
Q

What are the differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

A

Archaebacteria has NO peptidoglycan, while Eubacteria does.

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