Taxonomy

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

arranging organisms based on SIMILARITIES

Question 2

Nomenclature

Answer 2

NAMING of organisms

Question 3

Identification

Answer 3

DETERMINATION of organisms

Question 4

Aristotle’s system

Answer 4

• plants or animals
• bloodless or red-blooded
• morphology (structure and size)
• habitat

Question 5

Limitations of Artistotle’s system?

Answer 5

• viewed species as distinct, separate, and unchanging
• doesn’t account for evolutionary relationship of organisms, doesn’t show their true relationship

Question 6

Linnaeus’s system

Answer 6

• classifies based on morphology and behavior

Question 7

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 7

Linnaeus’ method of NAMING organisms

Question 8

Parts of scientific name of species?

Answer 8

Genus name and specific epithet; uses Latin

Question 9

Genus is ______
specific epithet is ______

Answer 9

capitalized (first letter only)
lowercase

Question 10

How to write scientific name?

Answer 10

Italicize or underline; Genus can be abbreviated

Question 11

Modern system of classification

Answer 11

scientists (Charles Darwin, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Ernst Haeckl) began classifying based on phylogeny

Question 12

Systematics

Answer 12

study of diversity and evolutionary history relationships among organisms

Question 13

Phylogeny

Answer 13

evolutionary history and relationship between species

Question 14

Cladistics

Answer 14

method for hypothesizing the relationships and history between species, according to order they diverged from a common ancestor

Question 15

Cladogram

Answer 15

branching diagram; represents proposed phylogeny/evolutionary history of species of group; proposed hypothesis based on ANCESTRAL and DERIVED traits

Question 16

What are the groups in cladograms called?

Answer 16

clades

Question 17

What is the mnemonic for taxons?

Answer 17

Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great Soup
(Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Question 18

Genus

Answer 18

group of species

Question 19

Species

Answer 19

organisms CAPABLE OF REPRODUCTION, and producing FERTILE OFFSPRING

Question 20

How are organisms grouped into domains and kingdoms? Based on what THREE FACTORS?

Answer 20

1) Cell type and structure (Prokaryote, eukaryote)
2) Number of cells (Unicellular, multicellular)
3) Mode of nutrition (autotroph, heterotroph, etc.)

Question 21

What were the first TWO KINGDOMS proven?

Answer 21

KINGDOMS: Animalia, Vegetabilia
YEAR: 1735
PERSON: Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus

Question 22

Who proved THREE KINGDOMS?

Answer 22

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista
YEAR: 1866
PERSON: Ernst Haeckl

Question 23

Who proved FOUR KINGDOMS?

Answer 23

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera
YEAR: 1956
PERSON: Herbert Copeland

Question 24

Who proved FIVE KINGDOMS?

Answer 24

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera, Fungi
YEAR: 1969
PERSON: Robert Whittaker

Question 25

Who proved SIX KINGDOMS?

Answer 25

KINGDOMS: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria YEAR: 1977 PERSON: Carl Woese

Question 26

Who proved THREE DOMAINS?

Answer 26

DOMAINS: Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukarya YEAR: 1990 PERSON: Carl Woese

Question 27

What are the characteristics of K. Animalia?

Answer 27

- eukaryotes - multicellular - heterotrophs (ingestion)

Question 28

What are the characteristics of K. Plantae?

Answer 28

- eukaryotes (CHLOROPLAST, CELLULOSE) - multicellular - photoautotrophs (photosynthesis)

Question 29

What are the characreristics of K. Mycota?

Answer 29

- eukaryotes (CHITIN) - multicellular/unicellular (yeast) - heterotrophic (absorption)

Question 30

What are the characreristics of K. Protista?

Answer 30

"CANNOT FIT WITH OTHER KINGDOMS (mish-mash of everything)" - eukaryotes; chloroplast and cellulose - unicellular, colonial (behaves like multicellular, but is actually unicellular), multicellular - photoautotrophs, heterotrophic

Question 31

What are the characteristics of K. Eubacteria?

Answer 31

- TRUE BACTERIA - prokaryotes (peptidoglycan) - autotrophs/heterotrophs

Question 32

What are the characteristics of K. Archaebacteria?

Answer 32

- EXTREME BACTERIA (extremophiles) - prokaryotes NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN - autotrophs/heterotrophs

Question 33

What are the differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

Answer 33

Archaebacteria has NO peptidoglycan, while Eubacteria does.