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8 Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Variety of genes/inheritable characteristics present in the population

A

genetic diversity

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2
Q

individual genetic variation within a population

A

genetic diversity

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3
Q

increases the chances that individuals will survive during changing environment/new diseases

A

genetic diversity

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4
Q

genetic differences between populations (adaptations to local conditions)

A

genetic diversity

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5
Q

Variety of ecosystems that is present in the biosphere (including different kinds of places where organisms live and how they interact with each other)

A

ecosystem diversity

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6
Q

extinction of populations of one species
can have a negative impact on other species in the ecosystem

A

ecosystem diversity

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7
Q

physical characteristics to
classify species

A

typological species concept

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8
Q

Description of the species provide
detailed record of physical
characteristics

A

typological species concept

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9
Q

Limitations of typological species concept?

A

alleles produce different traits
within species

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10
Q

Species is determined by
similarity of characteristics and
ability to interbreed and produce
fertile offspring

A

biological species concept

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11
Q

Most commonly used species
concept

A

biological species concept

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12
Q

Limitations of biological species concept?

A
  • Occasionally, some species interbreed
  • Doesn’t account for extinct species
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13
Q

determined by evolutionary history

A

phylogenetic species concept

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14
Q

Accounts for extinct species
and molecular data

A

phylogenetic species concept

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15
Q

Limitations of phylogenetic species concept?

A

evolutionary history is
not known for all species

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16
Q

variety and extent of
differences among living things

A

species diversity

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17
Q

number of different
species and the relative abundance of
species in a biological community

A

species diversity

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18
Q

increases the likelihood of some members of a species to survive in a changed environment

A

species diversity

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19
Q

species on which other species in an
ecosystem depend on; if it were removed, the ecosystem would
change drastically

A

keystone species

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20
Q

not abundant in nature

A

keystone species

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21
Q

Controls community structure by their
pivotal ecological roles

A

keystone species

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22
Q

limits the abundance of
competitively dominant species

A

keystone species

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23
Q

strong effects on their communities
as a result of their large size, high
abundance, or pivotal role in community dynamics

A

foundation species

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24
Q

provide significant habitat or food for
other species

A

foundation species

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25
Q

create or dramatically alter their
physical environment

A

ecosystem engineers

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26
Q

effects can either be positive or negative
depending on the needs of the other species

A

ecosystem engineers

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27
Q

Also known as invasive,
nonnative, or exotic species

A

introduced species

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28
Q

causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native

A

introduced species

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29
Q

moved by humans either intentionally or accidentally from its native location to a new geographic region

A

introduced species

30
Q

republic act 9147

A

Prohibits the introduction of
alien species in protected and
critical habitats

31
Q

the number of different species in the community

A

species richness

32
Q

proportion each species represents of
all individuals in the community

A

species evenness/relative abundance

33
Q

the most abundant species

A

species dominance

34
Q

index used to calculate the diversity based on species richness and relative abundance

A

shannon diversity index

35
Q

What does a higher value of H mean, when solving for diversity with the Shannon diversity index?

A

it means that the ecosystem is more diverse

36
Q

ability to resist change in the face of disturbances

A

stability

37
Q

One factor that promotes an
ecosystem’s stability is…?

A

biodiversity

38
Q

increase the probability of organism’s adaptation and survival in a changing environment

A

stable ecosystem

39
Q

international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources; data gathering and analysis

A

international union of conservation and nature (IUCN)

40
Q

critical indicator of the
health of the world’s biodiversity

A

IUCN red list of threatened species

41
Q

human intervention and an attempt to preserve critically endangered species

A

conservation status

42
Q

refers to a specific category of
threatened species including critically endangered species

A

IUCN red list

43
Q

high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future

A

vulnerable species

44
Q

very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future

A

endangered species

45
Q

extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future

A

critically endangered species

46
Q

Refers to any species of animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms that are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future

A

threatened species

47
Q

end of a species or group of species. Happens when last extant member of a species dies, and when capacity to breed and recover is lost

A

extinction

48
Q

there are no surviving individuals that can reproduce and create a new generation

A

extinction

49
Q

Species known only to survive in cultivation are categorized as…?

A

extinct in the wild (EW)

50
Q

wherein large numbers of species
become extinct worldwide

A

mass extinction

51
Q

may occur due to habitat destruction and inability to adapt to a changed environment

A

extinction

52
Q

leads to native species relocating
or dying

A

habitat loss

53
Q

clearing or destruction of habitat

A

habitat destruction

54
Q

disruption of ecosystem processes

A

habitat disruption

55
Q

separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land

A

habitat fragmentation

56
Q

different environmental conditions that occur along the boundaries of an ecosystem

A

edge effect

57
Q

species are not a threat to biodiversity in their native habitats

A

introduced species

58
Q

Often reproduce in large numbers because of a lack of predators and become invasive species in their new habitat

A

introduced species

59
Q

Harvesting of wild organisms at rates
exceeding the ability of their
populations to rebound

A

overharvesting

60
Q

alterations in climate, atmospheric chemistry, and broad ecological systems that reduce the capacity to sustain life

A

climate change

61
Q

rain, snow, or fog with a pH less than 5.2. The burning of wood and fossil fuels releases oxides of sulfur and
nitrogen that react with water in air, forming sulfuric and nitric acids.

A

acid precipitation

62
Q

resources that are replaced by natural processed faster than they are consumed. Supply is not unlimited.

A

renewable resources

63
Q

resources found in limited amounts/replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time

A

non-renewable resources

64
Q

random fun fact

A

Species are considered renewable resources until the last of a species dies. When extinction occurs, a species is nonrenewable because it is lost forever

65
Q

using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere

A

sustainable use

66
Q

Population conservation focuses on what factors?

A

population size, genetic diversity, critical habitat

67
Q

Establishing protected areas by preserving what?

A
  • biodiversity hotspots
  • nature reserves
  • zoned reserves
68
Q

relatively small area with numerous endemic species, and a large number of endangered and threatened species

A

biodiversity hotspots

69
Q

protected “islands” of biodiversity in a sea of habitat altered or degraded by human activity

A

nature reserves

70
Q

extensive region; includes areas relatively undisturbed by humans surrounded by areas that have been changed by humans

A

zoned reserves

71
Q

use of living organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to detoxify a polluted area

A

bioremediation

72
Q

Adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem

A

biological augmentation

8 Biology (8 decks)

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