Reproductive System Flashcards
contains erectile tissue
penis
deposits sperm into vagina of female
penis
small pouch containing the testes
scrotum
maintains testes at 3⁰C lower than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability
scrotum
male gonads
testes
produces sperm and hormones
testes
small tubes inside the testes
seminiferous tubule
produce sperm cells
seminiferous tubule
triggered by Testosterone
seminiferous tubule
pathway of sperm
Testes -> Epididymis -> Vas deferens -> Ejaculatory duct -> Urethra
mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
semen
produces thick secretion and makes up 60% of semen
seminal vesicle
What is semen made of?
sugar and alkaline
secretes milky fluid to help activate sperm
prostate gland
a pea-sized gland that produces thick, clear mucus to cleanse urethra of acidic urine
bulbo-urethral gland
stimulates reproductive organ development
testosterone
underlies sex drive
testosterone
causes secondary sex characteristics in men
testosterone
What are the secondary sex characteristics present in men?
deepening of voice, increased hair growth, enlargement of skeletal muscles, thickening of bones
increases the production of FSH and LH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
promotes production of sperm
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates production and secretion of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
female gonads
ovaries
produce egg & estrogen
ovaries
sac-like structure that contain the ovum
ovarian follicle
releases estrogen
ovarian follicle
release of eggs
ovulation
remnant tissue that release progesterone
Corpus luteum
oviduct/uterine tube
fallopian tube
where the egg and sperm meet
fallopian tube
attaching of egg to endometrium
site of implantation
place for developing child
uterus (womb)
lining of uterus
endometrium
organ for copulation
vagina
What is the duct system of the female reproductive system?
Ovary -> Fallopian tube -> Uterus -> Vagina
produced by follicle cells
estrogen
What hormone causes secondary sex characteristics in women?
estrogen
What are the secondary sex characteristics caused in women?
enlargement of accessory organs, development of breasts, appearance of pubic hair, increase in fat beneath the skin, widening and lightening of the
pelvis, onset of menses
pituitary gland releases FSH that ripens several follicles
follicular phase
mature follicle releases estrogen
follicular phase
high level of estrogen signals pituitary gland to release LH
follicular phase
high LH triggers the release of mature egg cell from the ripe follicle
ovulation
formation of corpus luteum which secretes progesterone
luteal phase
What days do the follicular phase take place on?
Days 1-13
What day/s does the ovulation phase take place on?
Day 14
What days do the luteal phase take place on?
Days 15-28
FSH and LH signals follicle maturation and ovulation
menstrual phase
If the egg is not fertilized, endometrium breaks down and sheds off (Menstruation)
menstrual phase
Low FSH & LH; High Estrogen
menstrual phase
What days does the menstrual phase take place on?
Days 1-5
FSH stimulates follicle maturation
proliferative phase
follicle secretes estrogen
proliferative phase
estrogen thickens endometrium
proliferative phase
What days does the proliferative phase take place on?
Days 6-13
endometrium thickened
secretory phase
LH releases the egg; follicle becomes corpus luteum which secretes estrogen & progesterone
secretory phase
low FSH & LH
secretory phase
if egg is fertilized, uterus will be maintained by Estrogen, Progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)
secretory phase
happens when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
may cause to skip menstrual periods and makes pregnancy difficult
polycystic ovary syndrome
symptoms: irregular periods, heavy bleeding, hair growth, acne, weight gain, male-pattern baldness and darkening of the skin in body crease
polycystic ovary syndrome
progressive disorder that is associated with chronic pain in the pelvis
endometriosis
when the kind of tissue that lines the uterus grows somewhere else like on the ovaries, behind the uterus, on the bowels, or on the bladder
endometriosis
can cause pain, infertility, and very heavy periods; the pain is usually in the abdomen, lower back, or pelvic areas
endometriosis
cancer that occurs in the prostate gland
prostate cancer
Symptoms of prostate cancer?
Trouble urinating, decreased force in the stream of urine, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, bone pain, losing weight without trying, erectile dysfunction
sexual dysfunction characterized by the regular and repeated inability to obtain or maintain an erection
erectile dysfunction
anything that hampers normal blood flow to the penis may, therefore, interfere with its potential to fill with blood and become erect
erectile dysfunction
causes can be physiological (i.e. aging, tobacco, diseases) and psychological (i.e. stress, anxiety or mental disorders)
erectile dynsfunction
