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8 Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

grinding & chopping (mastication)

A

mechanical digestion

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2
Q

breaking down of food

A

digestion

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3
Q

by the use of chemicals

A

chemical digestion

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4
Q

What is the route of food in the digestive system?

A

Mouth -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestines (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) -> large Intestines -> rectum -> anus

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5
Q

roof of the mouth

A

palate

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6
Q

mix and pushes the food

A

tongue

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7
Q

3 pairs; produces salivary amylase

A

salivary glands

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8
Q

teeth for cutting

A

incisors

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9
Q

How many incisors are there?

A

8

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10
Q

teeth for tearing

A

canines

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11
Q

How many canines are there?

A

4

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12
Q

teeth for grinding

A

premolars and molars

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13
Q

How many premolars are there?

A

8

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14
Q

How many molars are there?

A

12

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15
Q

prevents food to enter in trachea

A

epiglottis

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16
Q

ball of food

A

bolus

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17
Q

peristalsis

A

movement of esophagus

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18
Q

temporary food storage and site of chemical digestion

A

stomach

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19
Q

folds of stomach

A

rugae

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20
Q

junction of esophagus and stomach

A

esophageal sphincter

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21
Q

junction of stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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22
Q

produce mucus (protects stomach)

A

mucous cells

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23
Q

produce HCl (softens food, kills bacteria)

A

parietal cells

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24
Q

produces pepsin (digest proteins)

A

gastric chief cells

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25
Q

digest starch

A

gastric amylase

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26
Q

digest fats (triglyceride → 1 free fatty acid)

A

gastric lipase

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27
Q

combined HCl, mucus and enzymes

A

gastric juice

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28
Q

partially digested liquid food

A

chyme

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29
Q

How long are the small intestines?

A

7m

30
Q

How long are small intestines in diameter?

A

2.5cm

31
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

32
Q

completion of chemical digestion: pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

A

small intestine

33
Q

largest internal organ

A

liver

34
Q

produce Bile; stored in gall bladder

A

liver

35
Q

digest fats into tiny droplets through emulsification

A

liver

36
Q

secretes pancreatic juice

A

pancreas

37
Q

reduce the chyme acidity

A

pancreas

38
Q

trypsin (digest proteins)

A

pancreas

39
Q

Carbs → Maltose

A

Pancreatic amylase

40
Q

digests fats (triglyceride → 2 free fatty acid)

A

pancreatic lipase

41
Q

tiny projections of Small I

A

vili

42
Q

tiny projections of Villi

A

microvili

43
Q

contains capillaries where the absorption of nutrients occurs

A

vili

44
Q

Where are the vili and microvili found?

A

in the duodenum and jejunum

45
Q

Absorbs calcium, zinc, and vitamins

A

ileum

46
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

1.5m

47
Q

How long is the large intestine in diameter?

A

6.5cm

48
Q

includes cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

A

large intestine

49
Q

produce vitamin K and some B vitamins using bacteria

A

large intestine

50
Q

absorbs water

A

large intestine

51
Q

indigestible material then
becomes solid and is called…?

A

feces

52
Q

end of large intestine

A

rectum

53
Q

temporary storage of waste material

A

rectum

54
Q

end of the rectum

A

anus

55
Q

where feces comes out of the body

A

anus

56
Q

the anus consists of a muscular ring called…

A

anal sphincter

57
Q

opens during a bowel movement to allow feces to pass through

A

anal sphincter

58
Q

food poisoning; clostridium botulinum

A

foodborne botulism

59
Q

food poisoning; salmonella

A

salmonellosis

60
Q

salmonella Typhi; severe

A

typhoid fever

61
Q

indigestion; Heartburn, nausea, vomiting

A

dyspepsia

62
Q

disorder resulting to indigestion

A

organic dyspepsia

63
Q

nervous disorder/no obvious cause can be found

A

functional dyspepsia

64
Q

open sore in the mucous membrane

A

peptic ulcer

65
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

type of peptic ulcer

66
Q

Duodenal ulcer

A

type of peptic ulcer

67
Q

Difficulty in defecation due to dry feces

A

constipation

68
Q

rapid movement of feces in the colon; insufficient removal of water

A

diarrhea

69
Q

Painful infection of the colon

A

dysentery

70
Q

cancer of the colon

A

colon cancer

71
Q

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting & Cancer

A

effects of alcohol

8 Biology (8 decks)

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