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8 Biology > Biogeochemical cycle > Flashcards

Biogeochemical cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed; can only be transformed from one form to another

A

law of conservation of mass

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2
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

matter

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3
Q

a chemical substance that sustain life

A

nutrient

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4
Q

What cycles through the biosphere?

A

matter and nutrients

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5
Q

What are the cycles happening in the biosphere called?

A

biogeochemical cycle

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6
Q

Events by which nutrients flow between biotic and abiotic components of the earth

A

biogeochemical cycle

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7
Q

places where elements are kept for long period of time

A

reservoir

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8
Q

Water cycle

A

hydrologic cycle

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9
Q

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen cycle

A

atmospheric cycle

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10
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

sedimentary cycle

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11
Q

readily accessible freshwater – which is found in…

A

rivers, lakes, wetlands and aquifers

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12
Q

68% of freshwater is in

A

glaciers

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13
Q

.3% of freshwater is in

A

surface water

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14
Q

30% of freshwater is in

A

aquifers

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15
Q

water → water vapor through solar energy

A

evaporation

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16
Q

water in plants → water vapor

A

transpiration

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17
Q

solid water → water vapor

A

sublimation

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18
Q

Water vapor condenses to form water droplets (clouds, fog, dew)

A

condensation

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19
Q

Water droplets fall (rain, snow or ice/hail)

A

precipitation

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20
Q

Water vapor → ice (snow and frost)

A

deposition

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21
Q

rate at which water enters a soil

A

infiltration

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22
Q

rate at which water moves through a soil

A

percolation

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23
Q

flow of water to drainage basin or watershed

A

runoff

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24
Q

place where water is kept

A

storage

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25
Q

All living things are composed of

A

carbon

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26
Q

framework for all biomolecules

A

carbon

27
Q

plays a critical role in respiration, the energy-producing chemistry that drives the metabolisms of most living things

A

oxygen

28
Q

Plants take up carbon dioxide from the air to carry out photosynthesis. This is when carbon enters the land food webs.

A

photosynthesis

29
Q

Plants and all living things carry out aerobic respiration. Carbon returns to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

A

cellular respiration

30
Q

Carbon diffuses between the atmosphere and the ocean. Carbon dioxide becomes bicarbonate when it dissolves in ocean water

A

Formation of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

31
Q

Marine producers take up bicarbonate for use in photosynthesis, and marine organisms release carbon dioxide produced by aerobic respiration

A

Aquatic photosynthesis and cellular
respiration

32
Q

marine organisms incorporate carbons into their shells. These shells become part of the sediments. Over time, these become carbon-rich rocks

A

sedimentation

33
Q

derived from the ancient remains of plants adds additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

A

burning of fossil fuels

34
Q

formation of amino acid into proteins

A

nitrogen

35
Q

can plants use N2?

A

no, because they don’t have the enzymes for it

36
Q

Lightning can convert nitrogen gas to…?

A

nitrates

37
Q

reservoir of nitrogen gas (N2) .

A

atmosphere

38
Q

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) which dissolves and forms…

A

ammonium ions (NH4+)

39
Q

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) → ammonium ions (NH4+) is done by what bacteria?

A

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

40
Q

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) which dissolves and forms ammonium ions (NH4+) done by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

ammonification

41
Q

Plant roots take up ammonium from the soil then incorporate it in their proteins and nucleic acids

A

plant assimilation

42
Q

Consumers get nitrogen by eating plants or one another

A

consumer assimilation

43
Q

When consumer dies, bacterial and fungal decomposer breaks down nitrogen-rich waste and remains of organism and adds ammonium to the soil

A

decomposition

44
Q

Ammonium (NH4+) brought by decomposers is converted into nitrate (NO3 -) by nitrifying bacteria

A

nitrification

45
Q

What bacteria converts ammonium (NH4+) -> nitrate (NO3 -)?

A

nitrifying bacteria

46
Q

Nitrate would be taken up form the soil by producers then producers would be eaten by consumers

A

assimilation

47
Q

Nitrogen -> atmosphere as denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate to gaseous form

A

denitrifiction

48
Q

what bacteria lets nitrogen go back to the atmosphere?

A

denitrifying bacteria

48
Q

very reactive, so it exists bonded to oxygen as phosphate (PO43-)

A

phosphorus

49
Q

ion that is found in rocks and sediments

A

phosphorus

50
Q

important in making of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP

A

phosphorus

51
Q

move phosphate ions from rocks into soil, lake, and rivers

A

weathering/erosion

52
Q

Phosphorus in solution absorb by the plants

A

plant metabolism

53
Q

Consumer get phosphate by eating plants or one another

A

consumer metabolism

54
Q

Phosphorus returns to soil in waste and remains

A

decomposition

55
Q

Leaching and runoff delivers phosphate ions into the ocean and settles as deposits along the edges of continents

A

Phosphorus from weathering of rocks and decomposition of remains will leach and runoff leading to formation of phosphate sediment

56
Q

movement of earth’s crust can uplift part of the seafloor where weathering releases phosphate from the rocks. Then, it would be absorbed by producer and the cycle continue

A

uplifting

57
Q

characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors needed for photosynthesis

A

eutrophication

58
Q

clouds water and threatens other aquatic species, leading to eutrophication

A

algal bloom

59
Q

phosphate-containing detergents, sewage, fertilizer runoff, and waste from livestock encourages

A

eutrophication

60
Q

actions that reduce the human contribution to the planetary greenhouse effect

A

mitigation

61
Q

lowering emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, and particles like black carbon (soot) that have a warming effect

A

mitigation

62
Q

promoting energy efficiency, clean technologies, and alternative fuels reduce…

A

greenhouse emissions

8 Biology (8 decks)

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