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Sophmore Year > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

0
Q

Who was Linnaeus?

A

botanist

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1
Q

What did Aristotle do?

A

Devised “two kingdom” system that lasted 2,000 years.

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2
Q

What language did Linnaeus choose?

A

Latin

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3
Q

What naming system did Linnaeus come up with?

A

Binomial nomenclature

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4
Q

What are the categories in order from greatest to least?

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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5
Q

What is the plantae kingdom?

A

multicellular, eukaryotic, stationary autotrophs

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6
Q

What is kingdom Animalia?

A

multicellular, eukaryotic, mobile, heterotrophs

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7
Q

What is fungi?

A

stationary heterotrophs (absorb nutrients) eukaryotes

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8
Q

What is Protista often referred to as?

A

The Dumping Kingdom because if an organism doesn’t fit into any other classification it is “dumped” here

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9
Q

What is Archaebacteria?

A

unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus)

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10
Q

What is Eubacteria?

A

unicellular prokaryotes

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11
Q

What kingdom is bacteria in?

A

Monera

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12
Q

How are groups traditionally classified?

A

cell structure

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13
Q

What is becoming increasingly more important regarding classification

A

DNA

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14
Q

How are living things organized for study?

A

Biologists use a classification system to name organisms with a unioverally accepted name and they also group organisms in a logical manner-organisms placed into a particular group are more similar to one another than they are to organisms in other groups

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15
Q

Describe the system for naming that Linnaeus developed

A

Each species is assigned a two part scientific name (binomial nomenclature) Genus species

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16
Q

What are the 7 categories of Linnaeus’s classification system?

A

Speies, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom

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17
Q

HOw is imformation about evolutionary relationships useful in classification?

A

Organisms are grouped according to evolutionary descent, not just physica appearances

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18
Q

How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?

A

Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to establish similaritiees between them and reconstruct possible evolutionary elationships

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19
Q

WHat is the principle behind cladistic analysis?

A

Cladistic analysis traces the process of evolution in a group of organisms by forcing on unique features that appear in some organisms but not others

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20
Q

How have new discoveries in molecular biology affected the way in which we classify organisms compared with the system used by Linnaeus?

A

New ways of classifying organisms reflect evolutionary relationshis based on genetic similarities, whereas Linnaeus’s system of classifying was based on physical similarities between organisms.

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21
Q

What are the 6 kingdomss f life as they are now identified?

A

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

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22
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya

23
Q

WHy was the Kingdom Monera divided into 2 separate Kingdoms?

A

Scientists have come to recognize big differences between groups of Monerans. One ex: Eubacteria: cell walls with peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria: cell walls without peptidoglycan

24
Q

Why is Protista considered the odds and ends Kingdom?

A

Members of Protista display the greatest variety sharing characteristics with plants, fungi, or animals; protists cannot be classified in any other group

25
Q

Which kingdoms include only prokaryotes?

A

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

26
Q

Which kingdoms include only Eukaryotes?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

27
Q

What characteristics differentiate Fungi and PLantae

A

Plants are autotrophic and have cell walls of cellulose, Fungi are heterotrophs and have cell walls of chitin

28
Q

In which domain are organisms from the most extreme environments?

A

Archaea

29
Q

What do scientists conclude about the presence of myosin in both humans and yeast

A

they share a common ancestry

30
Q

What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?

A

A dichotomous key is a tool of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms to identify unknown organisms

31
Q

Taxonomy

A

scientists classify organisms and assign each a universally accepted name

32
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

2 word naming system,-developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Genus first- capitalized, species 2nd, lower case

33
Q

Genus

A

a group of closely related species

34
Q

Taxon

A

a level of organization in Taxonomy

35
Q

Family

A

group of related genera

36
Q

Order

A

broad taxonomic category composed of similar families

37
Q

Class

A

composed of similar orders

38
Q

Phylum

A

made up of several different classes

39
Q

Kingdom

A

largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s categories

40
Q

Evolutionary classification

A

grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history

41
Q

Derived characters

A

characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members

42
Q

Cladogram

A

a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms, using derived characters

43
Q

Molecular clock

A

model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that 2 species have been evolving independently based on the comparison of the accumulation of neutral mutations

44
Q

DOmain

A

more inclusive taxon or category than kingdom

45
Q

Bacteria

A

corresponds to the Kingdom Eubacteria

46
Q

Archae

A

corresponds to the Kingdom archaebacteria

47
Q

Eukarya

A

which is composed of Protists, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

48
Q

Eubacteria

A

prokaryotic, ecologically diverse, cell walls contain peptidoglycan, some need oxygen, some do not, unicellular

49
Q

Archaebacteria

A

prokaryotic cell walls lack peptidoglycan live in extreme environments, unicellular

50
Q

Protista

A

eukaryoti, mostly unicellular, great variety, any eukaryotic orgnism that is not in fungi, plantae, or animalia

51
Q

Fungi

A

eukaryotic, heterotrophs only, most multicellular, cell walls of chitin, nonmotile

52
Q

Plantae

A

eukaryotic, autotrophs, multicellular, nonmotile

53
Q

Animalia

A

eukayotic, multicellular, heterotrophs, no cell walls

54
Q

Linnaeus

A

Swedish botanist, binomial nomenclature, 7 levels of taxonomy

55
Q

Aristotle

A

first scientist to classify- 2 kingdoms based on habitat or size

Sophmore Year (65 decks)

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