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Sophmore Year > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

0
Q

What is trait?

A

a specific characteristic

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1
Q

What is genetics?

A

the scientific study of heredity

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2
Q

What are hybrids?

A

the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

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3
Q

What is the principle of dominance?

A

States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

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4
Q

What is probability?

A

the likelihood that a specific event will occur

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5
Q

What are homozygous organisms?

A

they have two identical alleles for a particular trait

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6
Q

What are heterozygous organisms?

A

they have two different alleles for the same trait

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7
Q

What is Phenotype?

A

physical characteristics

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8
Q

What is genotype?

A

genetic makeup

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9
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

one allele is not completely dominant over another

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10
Q

What is condominance?

A

both alleles appear as part of the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring

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11
Q

What is a polygenic trait?

A

a single trait that is controlled by more than one gene

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12
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

a cell that has both sets of homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

What is haploid?

A

gametes that have half the number of chromosomes as their parent cells

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14
Q

What occurs during Meiosis 1

A

Two cells form

Each cell has sets of chromosomes and alleles that are different from each other and from the original cell

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15
Q

What occurs during Meiosis 2

A

the cells divide again, but this time the DNA is not copied first
four daughter cells form
each daughter cell contains half the number of hromosomes as the original cell

16
Q

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

Mitosis makes two identical cells; these cells are exactly like the parent cell
Meiosis, however, forms four genetically different cells; each cell has only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Sophmore Year (65 decks)

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