Genetics Flashcards
What is trait?
a specific characteristic
What is genetics?
the scientific study of heredity
What are hybrids?
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
What is the principle of dominance?
States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
What is probability?
the likelihood that a specific event will occur
What are homozygous organisms?
they have two identical alleles for a particular trait
What are heterozygous organisms?
they have two different alleles for the same trait
What is Phenotype?
physical characteristics
What is genotype?
genetic makeup
What is incomplete dominance?
one allele is not completely dominant over another
What is condominance?
both alleles appear as part of the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring
What is a polygenic trait?
a single trait that is controlled by more than one gene
What is a diploid cell?
a cell that has both sets of homologous chromosomes
What is haploid?
gametes that have half the number of chromosomes as their parent cells
What occurs during Meiosis 1
Two cells form
Each cell has sets of chromosomes and alleles that are different from each other and from the original cell
What occurs during Meiosis 2
the cells divide again, but this time the DNA is not copied first
four daughter cells form
each daughter cell contains half the number of hromosomes as the original cell
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Mitosis makes two identical cells; these cells are exactly like the parent cell
Meiosis, however, forms four genetically different cells; each cell has only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
