period 4: 1450-1750 APWH Flashcards
What role does Africa play in worldwide trade during this period in history?
traded slaves
What is the Council of Trent? How did it deal with the Protestant Reformation?
Sought to keep a balanced favorable to Rome
Reform and reinvigorate the church
restated beliefs and corrected abuses
Why is there a rift between the Catholic Church and the Enlightenment thinkers?
They were advocating use of scientific method, reason, and intellect. They said religion was worthless. Diderot tried to change the general way of thinking through his Encyclopedia
What resulted from an increasing Western presence in eastern nations such as India and China?
Positive effect because of trade.
it was modernized and industrialized under the British. improved sanitation and public health. medicine increase for goods and services. education. literary increased. parliamentary democracy. in India (in China, western technology, philosophy, and commercial markers were introduced. improved infrastructure and stabilized local government. Chinese resisted. they regarded it as inferior to there own. india was directly controlled by the British, but china wasn’t
What are the 95 theses? How do they signal the beginning of the Protestant Reformation?
95 Theses were a document that Luther wrote. forbidding the sale of indulgences. Luther felt indulgences created a middle person that interfered with God. indulgences cannot get you out of purgatory, only God can. The focus needed to be on God, not the pope or priests
What is the role of women in the Ottoman Empire, as well as Europe during this time period?
Women were permitted to own and inherit property. They could not be forced in to marriage, and in certain cases were permitted to seek a divorce
“Tolerant attitude”
Locke
natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and Property
Montesquieu
separation of powers
Voltaire
freedom of thought and expression
Voltaire
religious freedom
Beccaria
abolishment of torture
Wollstonecraft
Women’’s Equality
Copernicus
used Greek Theory and astronomy to show planets revolve around the sun (Heliocentric Theory)
Kepler
laws govern planetary motion
elliptical orbits
Galileo
law of gravity
Francis Bacon
believed that scientists could produce practical knowledge through observation
Decartes
method uses mathematics and logic
Isaac Newton
perfected law of gravity
Vesalius
dissected human corpses
William Harvey
discovered blood circulation through the heart
Edward Jenner
introduced vaccination to eliminate smallpox
Mercantilism
increase in maritime trade. commercial economy
colonial expansion
Hernando Cortez
conquest of the Aztecs
Francis Drake
voyaged around the world successfully, voyaged to panama, made 3 total voyages, all around South Central, and North America
Columbus
discovered america
Francisco Pizarro
conquered Incan Empire
Jacques Cartier
brought his french culture to the North America which helped cause the french-indian war.
also, cartier.s french customs were diffused with those of the natives creating the canadian culture
Vasco DeGama
spice trade.
portugese colonization in Mozambique
resulted in competition between european powers
What is the impact of the printing press? Who invented it?
Encouraged scholarly research and the desire to attain knowledge
new religious ideas of the reformation
would not have spread as rapidly as they did in the 16th century
european civilization competed with the civilization of china
Johannes Gutenberg
What was the original plan of action for the Catholic Church when Luther posted the 95 theses? How did they treat anyone that left the church?
At first, they didn’t think he was any big deal, but then they wanted him to take back what he was saying, but when he didn’t they excommunicated him from the church. counter reformation
