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Body And Behavior > Task 9 summary > Flashcards

Task 9 summary Flashcards

1
Q

What types of brain injury /deformities are there?

A

Tumours

seizure disorders

strokes

Brain trauma

Developmental disorders

Degenerative disorders

Infectious diseases

psychological disorders

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2
Q

What is a tumor?

A

An uncontrolled mass of cells

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3
Q

What are the two types of tumors?

A

Malignant and benign

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4
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

Cancerous type there is no distinct border between the brain tissue and itself

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5
Q

What is the metastasis?

A

When in a malignant tumor the cells break off and grow elsewhere

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6
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

Harmless type it has a distinct border can easily be removed

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7
Q

How can the brain be damaged by ta tumor?

A

Through compression/incapsulation or infiltration

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8
Q

how does compression/incapsulation tumors work?

A

Compressing tumors push against the surrounding tissue

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9
Q

How do infiltration tumors work?

A

They invade the surrounding region and destroys cells in its path

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10
Q

Different types of tumors?

A

Gliomas

Meningioma

Pituitary adenoma

Neurinoma

Metastatic carcinoma

Angioma

Pinealoma

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11
Q

In what other types does the group of gliomas split in?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

Astrocytoma

Ependymoma

Medulloblastoma

Oligodendrocytoma

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12
Q

What are seizure disorders?

A

Sudden excessive activity of cerebral neurons

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13
Q

What happens if motor neurons are involved in a seizure?

A

A convulsion takes place

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14
Q

What is a convulsion?

A

A wild uncontrollable muscle activity

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15
Q

What two types of seizures are there?

A

Partial and generalised

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16
Q

What is a partial seizure?

A

It has a definite source (focus) most often scarred brain regions restricted to small parts of the brain

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17
Q

What are the two types of partial seizures there are?

A

Simple partial seizure and complex partial seizure

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18
Q

Where dos simple partial seizure causes changes?

A

in consciousness

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19
Q

What does complex partial seizures do?

A

Causes loss of consciousness

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20
Q

What is a generalized fissure?

A

They grow from a focus and then spred through the whole brain

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21
Q

Different types of generalized seizure?

A

Grand mal

petit mal

epilepsy

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22
Q

What are the two phases and outcome of a grand mal?

A

Tonic phase:Forceful muscle contraction, rigid pose

Clonic phase: Muscles tremble quickly then slowly (face muscles as well)

Person falls asleep out of exhaustion or looses consciousness

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23
Q

How does a petit mal work?

A

Theyre spells of absence generalized seizure

Person stares into the distance blinking rapidly unresponsive

prevalent inchildren

24
Q

What happens during epilepsy?

A

Corpus cllosum becomes uncontrollably overactive

25
Q

What is the brain split operation?

A

spliting corpus cllosum in two severing the relationship between both hemispheres

26
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A cerebrovascular accident

27
Q

What types of strokes are there?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

and ischemic stroke

28
Q

What is an hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Bleeding within the brain blood seeps out and presses against tissue

29
Q

What is an Ischemic stroke?

A

An obstruction of blood flow by thombi or emboli

30
Q

What is a thombus?

A

The blood clot on site of its formation

31
Q

What is an embolus?

A

Organic material that travels through the bloodstream until it reaches an artery it cant pass through

32
Q

what can an embolus do?

A

it can introduce bacterial infection to the brain

33
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Fats calcium cholesterol and waste of the lining of arteries precursor to heart attacks and ischemic strokes

34
Q

What is a brain trauma?

A

A traumatic brain injury

35
Q

How can a brain trauma be caused?

A

By skull fractures that wound the brain

36
Q

What are the two types of head injuries are there?

A

Closed head injuries

Open head injuries

37
Q

How does a closed head injury works?

A

Thats when theres no penetration of head

38
Q

What are open head injury?

A

Phineas gage

39
Q

What can a brain trauma cause?

A

internal bleeding:

Contussion and concussion

40
Q

What is a contusion?

A

Rupture of the blood capillaries

41
Q

What is a concussion?

A

A violent brain shock

42
Q

Different types of developmental disorders?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

phenylketonuria

down syndrome

43
Q

What is the foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Abnormal facial development and deficient brain development

44
Q

What is phenyleketonuria?

A

Inherited lack of phenylalanine converting enzyme

45
Q

What happpens with phenylketonuria?

A

too much phenylalanine interferes with myelinisation of axons

it results in severe mental retardation

46
Q

What is a down synndrome?

A

3 chromosomes on 21st place and an extra chromosome causes biochemical changes that impair normal brain development it results in mental retardation

47
Q

Different degenerative disorders?

A

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Parkinsons disease

Huntingtons disease

Alzheimers disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis

Korsakoff´s syndrome

48
Q

Symptoms of parkinson?

A

Resting tremor rigidity and speech disturbances

slowing down and loss of spontaneous movement(akinesia)

degeneration of nigrostriatal system damage to basal ganglia

49
Q

important substances to understand parkinsons disease?

A

Lewy bodies

α-synuclein

Parkin

50
Q

What are lewy bodies?

A

abnormal circular structures with dense protein core in nigrostriatal neurons

51
Q

what is  α-synuclein

A

produced by chromosome 4 toxic to the cell

52
Q

how is parkin related to parkinson?

A

a mutation of chromosome 6 that causes it to stop producing parkin

parkin together with ubiquitin plays a role in transporting defective proteins to poteasomes

53
Q

Is there any treatment for parkinson?

A

Deep brain stimulation but theres no complete cure

54
Q

What is alzheimers disease?

A

It is a form of dementia (deterioration of intellectual abilities)

progressive loss of memories and other mental functions

55
Q

How can you recognize alzheimer? 20

A

Degeneration of hippocampus neocortex basal nuclei locus coreuleus and ravi nuclei

Theres amyloid plaques

There are tangles( dying neuron with tau protein filaments)

Neuronal loss because the demyekination of neurons causes glial cells to destroy them

56
Q

Pinnel P tumor in right cranial nerve

A

g

Body And Behavior (12 decks)

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