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Body And Behavior > Task 6 > Flashcards

Task 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

active process of maintaining a particular psychological parameter relatively constant

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2
Q

what happens if you alter homeostasis?

A

it might effect motivation

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3
Q

what are obligatory losses?

A

things that require us to conserve heat, water and food constantly because we involuntarily loss energy water or temperature as a consequence of life processes

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4
Q

what is an ingestive behavior?

A

eating or drinking

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5
Q

what is a system variable?

A

a variable that is controlled by a regulatory mechanism like temperature in heating system

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6
Q

what is a set point?

A

the optimal value of the system variable in a regulatory mechanism

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7
Q

what is a detector?

A

in a regulatory proccess the mechanism that signals when the system variable deviates from its set point

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8
Q

what is a correctional mechanism?

A

in a regulatory process the mechanism that is capable of changing the value of the system variable

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9
Q

what is negative feedback?

A

a process whereby the effect produced by an action serves to diminish or terminate that action; a characteristic of regulatory systems

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10
Q

what is the satiety mechanism?

A

a brain mechanism that causses cessation of hunger or thirst produced by adeaquate ansd availabe supplies of nutrients or water

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11
Q

where is most of the water in our bodies contained?

A

inside and outside our cells

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12
Q

what is the intracellular compartment?

A

is the fluid that exists within the cells

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13
Q

what is the extracellular compartment?

A

fluid that exists outside the cells

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14
Q

what does the extracelluklar compartment acts like?

A

as a buffer and as an indicator of conditons in the intracellular compartment (constantly controls if we need water)

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15
Q

what is the interstitial fluid?

A

the fluid between the cells

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16
Q

what is the blood plasma?

A

the protein rich fluid that carries red and white blood cells

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17
Q

what is the aquaporins?

A

channels in the cell membranes that are specialized for the conduction of water molecules into or out of the cell

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18
Q

how lany molecules of water can a single aquaporin conduct?

A

3 billlion

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19
Q

what is the intravascular fluid?

A

the fluid found within the blood vessels

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20
Q

what is hypovolemia?

A

reduction in the volume of the intravascular fluid

21
Q

what are movements of water described by?

A

two forces diffusion and osmosis

22
Q

what is diffusion?

A

molecules of a substance like salt ( a solute) dissolved in a quantity of another substance, such as a glass of water (solvent) will passively spread through the water because of the random movements of the molecules until they are more or less uniformly distributed throughout the glass

23
Q

what is osmosis?

A

movement of water molecules that occurs when a semipermeable membrane separates solutions ontaining different concentrations of solute and the solute cannot spread evenly across both sides (membrane blocks the passage of salt)

24
Q

what is osmotic pressure?

A

physical froce that pushes or pulls water across the membrane

25
Q

what is osmolality ?

A

number of solute particles per unit volume of solvent

26
Q

what are the three types of solution?

A

hypertonic

isotonic

hypotonic

27
Q

hypertonic?

A

high concentration of solute that is the same as the solvent

28
Q

isiotonic?

A

concentration of solute that is the same as solvents

29
Q

hypotonic

A

low concentration of solute that is the same as solvents

30
Q

what happens if volume is low?

A

hypovolemic thirst

31
Q

what happens if solute concentration is high?

A

osmotic thirst

32
Q

who gets first infromed when you have hypovolemic thirst?

A

carduac baroreceptors and kidney baroreceptors

33
Q

who gets infromation of hypovolemic thirst after cardiac baroreceptors and kidney baroreceptors?

A

brainstem and the subfornical organ

34
Q

how do kidney baroreceptors pass information of hypovolemic thirst to the subfornical organ?

A

through the release of angiotesin ii

35
Q

where does te information of hypovolemic thirst go to after the brainstem and the subfornical organ?

A

to the preoptic area

36
Q

where does the information of a hypovolemic thirst goes once it is in the preoptic area?

A

to the hypothalamic thirst network and the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus

37
Q

what happen if the information of hypovolemic thirst gets to the preoptic area?

A

you drink

38
Q

what happens if the information of a hypovolemic thirst gets to the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus?

A

water conservation

39
Q

where does infromation goif you have osmotic thirst?

A

the OVLT osmosensory neurons

40
Q

where does infor mation of an osmotic thirst go after the osmosensory neurons ?

A

to the preoptic area and you know the rest

41
Q

what is osmotic thirst?

A

high extracellular concentration of solute triggered by tincreased saltiness of the extracellular fluid like by ingesting lots of salty foods. water will be pulled out through osmosis

42
Q

what are osmosensory neurons?

A

specialized neurons that measure the movements of water into and out of the cells

43
Q

where are osmosensory neurons usually found?

A

in several regions of the hypothalamus including the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

44
Q

what is an osmoreceptor?

A

neuron that detects changes in the solute concentration of the interstitial fluid that surrounds it

45
Q

what is a median preoptic nucleus?

A

a small nucleus situated around the decussation of the anterior commisure

46
Q

whered oes the preoptic nucleus play a part in?

A

in thirst stimulated by angiotensin

47
Q

what is hypovolemic (volumetric thirst)?

A

low extracellular volume due too the loss of body fluids ( loss of water volume) thirst produced by hypovolemia caused by blood loss vomit and diarrhea

48
Q

wht is hypovolemia?

A

low volume extracelllular fluid because normal everyday losses cause moderate decreas”s in extracellular fluid

Body And Behavior (12 decks)

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