Task 9

Question 1

What is a tumor?

Answer 1

Mass of new tissue whose growth is uncontrolled and that has no physiological use

Question 2

Symptoms of a tumor?

Answer 2

Headaches and vomiting

Papilledema

Slowing of heart rate

Mental dullness

Diplopia double vision

Convulsiona and functional impairment due to damage to brain

Question 3

How do the symptoms of a tumor occur?

Answer 3

They are all result from an increased intracranial pressure

Question 4

Different types of tumor?

Answer 4

Benign and malignant

Question 5

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 5

A noncancerous tumor that has a distinct border and cannot metastasize

The tumor is encapsulated it has a distinct border between mass of tumor cells and surrounding tissue

Question 6

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 6

Is a cancerous tumor that lacks a distinct border and may metastasize

Question 7

How do we distinguish tumors?

Answer 7

On the basis of where they originate

Gliomas from glial cells

Meningiomas between the meninges

Metastatic tumor from infiltrating cells and are carried to brain by bloodstream

Question 8

Differences between encapsulated tumors and infiltrating tumors?

Answer 8

Encapsulated develops in the brain putting pressure on other parts having a distinct border between mass of tumor and surrounding tissue and can be cut without regrowing

Infiltrating rumors may either destroy normal cells and occupy their place or surround existing cells interfering with their normal functioning

Question 9

Treatment for tumors?

Answer 9

Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy

Question 10

What is a stroke/cva?

Answer 10

Is a sudden appearance of neurological symptoms as a results of interruption of blood flow

Question 11

Symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 11

• Sudden numbness or weakness in the face arm or leg especially on one side of the body
• \Sudden confusion,trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Trouble walking,dizziness loss of balance or lack of coordination
• Severe headache with no known cause

Question 12

Types of strokes?

Answer 12

Cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia

Question 13

What is a cerebral hemorrhage? A type of cerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 13

When cerebral blood vessel ruptures, blood seeps in surrounding neural tissue, damaging it.

A type would be aneurysm which is a dilation that forms in wall of an artery at the point where the elasticity of the artery is defective.

Question 14

What are the two types of aneurysm?

Answer 14

Congenital (present at birth) and resulted from exposure to vascular poisons or infection

Question 15

What is a cerebral ischemia?

Answer 15

The group of disorders in which there is a disruption of blood supply to the brain such as thrombosis embolism and arteriosclerosis

Question 16

What are the three properties of a cva?

Answer 16

1 it takes a while to develop

2 does not occur equally in all parts of the brain

3 its mechanisms vary from structure to structure within brain

Question 17

How do thrombosis embolism and arteriosclerosis work?

Answer 17

Thrombosis happens when blood on vessels coagulate and form a plug blocking blood flow at site of formation

Embolism is a plug carried by a longer vessel where it was formed to a smaller one obstructing circulation

Areteriosclerosis happens when blood vessels thicken and channels narrow blocking

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a stroke?

Answer 18

It can result from a variety of vascular disorders

Infarct and penumbra

Question 19

What is the brain damage associated with a stroke?

Answer 19

Excessive release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate) which ends up leading to an ultimate death of the postsynaptic cells

Question 20

Treatment for a stroke

Answer 20

Blocking glutaminergic cascade looking for an antagonist to glutamate

But for the treatment to be effective it should be detected soon after the stroke has happened