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Personality and individual differences > Task 7 > Flashcards

Task 7 Flashcards

1
Q

how far can personality traits predict behavior based on Walter Mischel?

A
  • personality traits have limited value when it comes to predicting behaviour
  • It says that specific situation have an higher impact on behavior
  • correlation between tarits and behavior 0.2
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2
Q

What was the counter argument regarding walter michel suggestion ?

A
  • the principle of aggregation
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3
Q

What is the principle of aggregation ?

A
  • it sees the importance of trait regarding behavior when we consider peoples overall pattern across many situation
  • correlation between traits and behaviour 0.6
  • it is about a cros situational consistency
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4
Q

What is the general conclusion regarding the prediction of behavior ?

A
  • we cannot guess accurately but can predict behavior fairly well
  • situation is really important
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5
Q

Which two main positions are there rgarding behavior and which one is the correct solution ?

A
  • person position vs Situation position and both are correct !
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6
Q

What is the combination of both sides (person position vs situation position) ?

A
  • interactionsim
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7
Q

What is meant by interactionsim ?

A
  • they argree with situations that the situation is primary cause of behavior but also except the that personality trait exist and influence behavior
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8
Q

What is the different between state and trait ?

A
  • State = temporal emotional effect -> highly influenced by situation
  • Trait = more stable fixed and influenced by genetics
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9
Q

What is the trade lvl association ?

A
  • I am more sociable because it is my trait
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10
Q

What is the state lvl association ?

A
  • being more sociable because it gives me a positive effect
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11
Q

Name some facts regarding person position ?

A
  • its says that behavior is build around traits
  • behavior occurs similar multiple times
  • trait is useful describing a behavior without refering to the situation
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12
Q

Name some facts regarding situation position ?

A
  • it says that behavior is build around situation
  • behavior occurs randomly over multiple times
  • trait is not useful predicting a behavior without reffering to a situation
  • uses within person variability
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13
Q

What is meant by within person variability ?

A
  • reduce the usefulness of labelling a person as having a particular trait
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14
Q

How does the density distribution curve look like regarding the person position ?

A
  • same lvl of extraversion = in many different ocassions

- more like one peak

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15
Q

How does the density distribution curve look like regarding the sitaution position ?

A
  • different lvl of extraversion = in many different ocassions
  • more like a mountain
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16
Q

What is the density distribution approach ?

A
  • determining how differently the typical person acts on different occasions
17
Q

What model supports the general conclusion regarding impact on behavior ?

A
  • Felsons whole trait model ! = social cognitive theory
18
Q

What does the whole trait model predicts regarding predicting behavior ?

A
  • we have baseline (average) lvl of traits interacting in a situation but in different situation some variability can occur around those averages due to affect -> but also the variability show a pattern around the mean which means we can also predict these states
19
Q

What has an major impact on the fluctuation within personality traits ?

A
  • Affect (mood)
20
Q

How was the study conducted regarding the fluctuation in personalit traits ?

A
  • ecological momentary assessment (EMA = momentaufnahmen) on smartphones or EAR (Electronically Activated Recorder more observational report)
  • EMA = self report multiple times a day over a certain time spectrum
21
Q

To which personality trait did affect (mood) had the most impact ?

A
  • Extraversion = positive affect = 0.37

- neuroticism = negative effect = 0.33-0,65

22
Q

What were the major outputs of the study regarding affect and variability in behavior ?

A
  1. fluctuations are mainly due to affects reagrding personality states
  2. Affect do have different impact on different personality traits A,O,X,N only C is not correlated to affect
  3. Other variability then affects have an influence on behavior exspcially on conscientiousness
23
Q

What is the Personality-situation transactions theory ?

A
  • describe how we select, create & change situations based on our traits
  • E.G: more extraverted people engage more often in social situations
24
Q

What theory tells us which situation we prefer over another ?

A
  • Personality-situation transactions theory
25
Q

Why would u think that there would be an increas regarding personality situation transactions theory over the ages ?

A
  • Because with age u gain more self knowledge about ur traits so u can select certain situation even better !
26
Q

Why do we not search for the perfect situation with increasing age ?

A
  • Certain situations have strong situational &; external demands
  • E.g: in workplace you can’t just get away from certain tasks/people to do something else
27
Q

What is the conclusion regarding the hypothesis that with older age you choose more specific situation ?

A
  • No significant variance
  • only withinh young adults
  • Because of:
    1. demands
    2. not anymore focused on self fulfilment
    3. physicall ability
28
Q

What was the only personality trait which showed an increase regarding increase of age ?

A
  • Neuroticism

- > people want to be alone more , also more easier to be stressed about something

29
Q

What has an influence of current personality states ?

A
  • life experineces in particular the once made by the day before
30
Q

How was the study conducted regarding work experience having an impact on personlaity states ?

A
  • self reports were taken over two week multiple times a day
31
Q

What is predicted also by the state personality ?

A
  • future situations

- > Example: when in conscientious state: choose more demanding tasks to take advantage of it

32
Q

Which trait predicts the most change regarding the next personality state and why ?

A

high neuroticism = more reactive to negative stressors = not clear which behavior its uses (approach or avoidnet) = high variation in perosnality state

33
Q

What is meant by approach orientation behvaior ?

A
  • motivation to promote/sustain desired stimuli
34
Q

What is meant by avoidance orientation behavior ?

A
  • motivation to prevent/reduce negative stimuli
35
Q

What does OCB mean and how is it correlated to the model, explained by elena ?-> example of the elena model

A
  • Defi: extra voluntary work

- if you did take part of a OCB then on the next day u would have higher extraversion agreebalness and openness

36
Q

How does the model work which was explained by ELENA ?

A
  • You have certain traits -> these traits predict how u see a certain experience. After interpreting the experience you choose based on ur traits and interpretation what kind of behavior u would like to take. (Approach or Avoident). The behavior then influence ur personality state on the next day !
  • > that is how variation occurs regarding personality traits !

Personality and individual differences (9 decks)

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