Task 7 Flashcards
how far can personality traits predict behavior based on Walter Mischel?
- personality traits have limited value when it comes to predicting behaviour
- It says that specific situation have an higher impact on behavior
- correlation between tarits and behavior 0.2
What was the counter argument regarding walter michel suggestion ?
- the principle of aggregation
What is the principle of aggregation ?
- it sees the importance of trait regarding behavior when we consider peoples overall pattern across many situation
- correlation between traits and behaviour 0.6
- it is about a cros situational consistency
What is the general conclusion regarding the prediction of behavior ?
- we cannot guess accurately but can predict behavior fairly well
- situation is really important
Which two main positions are there rgarding behavior and which one is the correct solution ?
- person position vs Situation position and both are correct !
What is the combination of both sides (person position vs situation position) ?
- interactionsim
What is meant by interactionsim ?
- they argree with situations that the situation is primary cause of behavior but also except the that personality trait exist and influence behavior
What is the different between state and trait ?
- State = temporal emotional effect -> highly influenced by situation
- Trait = more stable fixed and influenced by genetics
What is the trade lvl association ?
- I am more sociable because it is my trait
What is the state lvl association ?
- being more sociable because it gives me a positive effect
Name some facts regarding person position ?
- its says that behavior is build around traits
- behavior occurs similar multiple times
- trait is useful describing a behavior without refering to the situation
Name some facts regarding situation position ?
- it says that behavior is build around situation
- behavior occurs randomly over multiple times
- trait is not useful predicting a behavior without reffering to a situation
- uses within person variability
What is meant by within person variability ?
- reduce the usefulness of labelling a person as having a particular trait
How does the density distribution curve look like regarding the person position ?
- same lvl of extraversion = in many different ocassions
- more like one peak
How does the density distribution curve look like regarding the sitaution position ?
- different lvl of extraversion = in many different ocassions
- more like a mountain
What is the density distribution approach ?
- determining how differently the typical person acts on different occasions
What model supports the general conclusion regarding impact on behavior ?
- Felsons whole trait model ! = social cognitive theory
What does the whole trait model predicts regarding predicting behavior ?
- we have baseline (average) lvl of traits interacting in a situation but in different situation some variability can occur around those averages due to affect -> but also the variability show a pattern around the mean which means we can also predict these states
What has an major impact on the fluctuation within personality traits ?
- Affect (mood)
How was the study conducted regarding the fluctuation in personalit traits ?
- ecological momentary assessment (EMA = momentaufnahmen) on smartphones or EAR (Electronically Activated Recorder more observational report)
- EMA = self report multiple times a day over a certain time spectrum
To which personality trait did affect (mood) had the most impact ?
- Extraversion = positive affect = 0.37
- neuroticism = negative effect = 0.33-0,65
What were the major outputs of the study regarding affect and variability in behavior ?
- fluctuations are mainly due to affects reagrding personality states
- Affect do have different impact on different personality traits A,O,X,N only C is not correlated to affect
- Other variability then affects have an influence on behavior exspcially on conscientiousness
What is the Personality-situation transactions theory ?
- describe how we select, create & change situations based on our traits
- E.G: more extraverted people engage more often in social situations
What theory tells us which situation we prefer over another ?
- Personality-situation transactions theory
Why would u think that there would be an increas regarding personality situation transactions theory over the ages ?
- Because with age u gain more self knowledge about ur traits so u can select certain situation even better !
Why do we not search for the perfect situation with increasing age ?
- Certain situations have strong situational &; external demands
- E.g: in workplace you can’t just get away from certain tasks/people to do something else
What is the conclusion regarding the hypothesis that with older age you choose more specific situation ?
- No significant variance
- only withinh young adults
- Because of:
1. demands
2. not anymore focused on self fulfilment
3. physicall ability
What was the only personality trait which showed an increase regarding increase of age ?
- Neuroticism
- > people want to be alone more , also more easier to be stressed about something
What has an influence of current personality states ?
- life experineces in particular the once made by the day before
How was the study conducted regarding work experience having an impact on personlaity states ?
- self reports were taken over two week multiple times a day
What is predicted also by the state personality ?
- future situations
- > Example: when in conscientious state: choose more demanding tasks to take advantage of it
Which trait predicts the most change regarding the next personality state and why ?
high neuroticism = more reactive to negative stressors = not clear which behavior its uses (approach or avoidnet) = high variation in perosnality state
What is meant by approach orientation behvaior ?
- motivation to promote/sustain desired stimuli
What is meant by avoidance orientation behavior ?
- motivation to prevent/reduce negative stimuli
What does OCB mean and how is it correlated to the model, explained by elena ?-> example of the elena model
- Defi: extra voluntary work
- if you did take part of a OCB then on the next day u would have higher extraversion agreebalness and openness
How does the model work which was explained by ELENA ?
- You have certain traits -> these traits predict how u see a certain experience. After interpreting the experience you choose based on ur traits and interpretation what kind of behavior u would like to take. (Approach or Avoident). The behavior then influence ur personality state on the next day !
- > that is how variation occurs regarding personality traits !
