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Personality and individual differences > Task 6 Done > Flashcards

Task 6 Done Flashcards

1
Q

How is a succesful marriage influenced by personality traits ?

A
  • partner tend to be slightly similar
  • high score on agreebalness and emotional stability 0.4
  • so it is not about similarity it is rather about the single traits
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2
Q

What are the three attachment styles ?

A
  • anxious attachment
  • avoident atachment
  • secure attachment
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3
Q

What is an anxious attachment and by which personality traits is it determined ?

A
  • tendency to worry about the loss of a partner

- negativle correlation regarding emotional stability and conscientiousness

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4
Q

What is an avoident attachment and by which personality traits is it determined ?

A
  • tendency to feel uncomfortable being emotionally close to one’s partner
  • negative correlation regarding extraversion and conscientiousness
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5
Q

Which personality traits are correlated to a good parenting style ?

A
  • high oppeness

- extraversion

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6
Q

Which character traits influneces friendships and peer relationship ?

A
  • honesty and humility and openess 0.25 are important for your choice of friends
  • Honesty = values
  • so u share basically the same values
  • overestimation of similarity 0.4
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7
Q

How do u become a popular or a rejected child ?

A
  • Popular = high in sociability low in agresseion

- rejected = visa versa

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8
Q

What is a neglected type of character ?

A
  • disliked and liked by few

- low aggression low sociability

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9
Q

What is a controversial type of character ?

A
  • diliked and liked by many

- high in aggression and high socialbility

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10
Q

How do we gain a high social status and which character traits does it determin?

A
  • high on Extraversion for young adults

- high on conscientious for workers

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11
Q

Which character traits influence the abuse of substance ?

A
  • low lvl of conscientiousness -> can not resist temptation
  • low emotional stability -> more temptation
  • the more negative the lvl of C then less u can quitt smoking
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12
Q

How is longevity and personal traits related to each other ?

A
  • high dependability (conscientiousness ) are corelated to a longer live because of more engagment in social support and less risk taking
  • high cheefulness (optimism) = lower relization of serious issues
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13
Q

Which personality trait fnfluencess academic performances ?

A
  • High conscientiousnss linkt to self discipline and organization
  • also intellegence of course
  • in elementery school all 5 factors play a role
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14
Q

Which personaliity traits ifluences criminal behavior ?

A
  • lack of self control
  • willingness to take risks and inhibtion of impulses 0.4
  • negative corelation on honesty
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15
Q

What is the distinction between primary psychopath and secondary psychopath ?

A
  1. coolly calculating/no impulses & rational -> low emotionality
  2. poor self-control -> low conscientiousness
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16
Q

What influences life satisfication ?

A
  • 0.4 heritability
  • extraversion & emotional stability
  • > because of high self esteem and socialbility
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17
Q

What does a more positive life satisfication lead to ?

A
  • Influences not only how one evaluates life but also the experiences one has
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18
Q

What did Costa and MC Care conclude regarding the correlation of the stability of traits average over the life time ?

A
  • 0.7 correlation that traits are stable over the years
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19
Q

Why was the finding of a correlation (0.70) regarding stability of trait of the life span so important ?

A
  • Cause it makes prediction possible regarding socialisation and anticipation of major life events
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20
Q

How do the big 5 traits of the life span change ? Look at the graph

A
  • Conscientousness, emotional stability Extraversion (Aseertive) = all increase
  • Emotional stability and extraversion stops at around 30 -50 years
  • Agrrebalness = conscitiousness just slower increase
  • Extraversion (sociable) = decrease over years
  • opennes sortly increase till 20 then stabel
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21
Q

What can we conclude regarding the the big 5 trait changes ?

A
  • we gain greater maturity (impulse control)
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22
Q

Why do our personality traits change ?

A
  • Because:
    1. Biological process (changes of hormones neurotransmitter and genes)
    2. Substance abuse
    3. intervention therapy
    4. social investment hypothesis
23
Q

What is the social investment theory ?

A
  • via Important events & changes in social roles we change our personality traits
24
Q

In general how long are personality traits changable or how long do they change ?

A
  • till the end of life (old age)
  • most happen between the age of 20 to 40 (most important time)
  • time has a positive effect on personality traits = more socialy mature
  • uses “mean lvl changes” to conclude the study
25
Q

What is the defintion of mean lvl changes mean ?

A
  • gains and looses in specific perosnlaity trait over a specifc period of time (age) for a population of individuals
26
Q

What does the lifespan development theory conclude regarding the mean lvl changes of personality traits ?

A
  • that there are changes which deviant from the population mean
  • basically that there is variability across individuals
27
Q

What is the difference regarding longer longitudinal studies and shorter longitudinal studies ?

A
  • slightly decrease of stability regarding personality but nothing significantly important if you take a longer logitudinal study (0.7 to 0.65)
28
Q

Why would it be not so smart to conduct a longitudinal study on personality traits on youg adults ?

A
  • cause in that period highest variablity due to lots of changes -> findings would conclude less stability
29
Q

Why would a longitudinal study with childreen not make any sense regarding personality traits ?

A
  • obtaining infromation (personality description of a child is to difficult (language reading barrier) -> all based on mother reporst
30
Q

What are some general findings regarding personlity traits of childreen and there stability ?

A
  • Shifiting of personality trait is possible so rather unstable
  • between toddlerhood & early childhood (.35)
  • early & middle childhood (.60)
31
Q

What kind of theories explain personality as a rather stable condition or unstable condition ?

A
  • Stable: Dynamic equilibrium model , five factor theory
  • Unstable: Neo-socioanalytic model,
  • Both (stable and unstabel): Paradoxical theory of personality coherence
32
Q

What is the definition of the Neo-socioanalytic model ?

A
  • personality changes can occur at any age & individuals change because of investments in social roles
  • based on social investment theory
  • E.g police can not smoke weed in uniform
33
Q

What is the definition of Dynamic equilibrium model ?

A
  • you have an individual lvl for each personality trait which is stabel and can only change temporarily before turning back to the set point
34
Q

What is the definition of the five factor theory ?

A
  • big five traits are only biologically determined -> no environmental impact
35
Q

What is the definition of the Paradoxical theory of personality coherence?

A
  • personality is particularly stable in the face of major life events
  • Only changes if there is a clear role change which contains all relevant information
36
Q

Can personality traits be changed as a result of intervention ?

A
  • Yes they can !
37
Q

Which personality trait was the most influencial one regarding interventions ?

A
  1. Emotional stability

2. Extraversion

38
Q

Is there any typicall therapy method which was shown to be more usefull then the any other mothed ?

A
  • no specific method showed a better succs regarding intervention of a personality trait
39
Q

Which disorder could be treated the most by using the intervention ?

A
  • Anxiety disorder was easy to treat

- substance abuse was the most difficult to treat

40
Q

What is the state artefact position regarding personality changes ?

A
  • changes in personlaity are only temporarly and return after a while back to the baseline
  • temporary base change
  • it is about a state change (mood change)
41
Q

What is the cause correlation position regarding personality changes ?

A
  • changes in psychological outcomes are the result of changes in the trait not in the state component
  • actual baseline changes
42
Q

Which theory was seen to be more stable ?(cause correlation position vs state artefact position)

A
  • > cause correlation position

- > proof that interventions are helpfull

43
Q

How long does it take for a personality to change ?

A
  • change more quickly then thought to do
  • most gains in the first month
  • beyond 8 weeks everything should be set
44
Q

is intelligence stable or flexible ?

A
  • flexible
  • IQ very strongly heritable
  • fully IQ potential reached by the age of 6
45
Q

Which is the most influencial predictor regarding life outcomes of the big 5 ?

A
  • conscientiousness
46
Q

What are the strongest two predictor of doing well in school ?

A
  • Conscientious and intelligence
47
Q

What is the selection effect ?

A
  • personality predicts the occurrence of several major life events
  • E.g : You get married because u are high on extraversion and openness
48
Q

What is the sozialization effect ?

A
  • personality changes as the result of experiencing major life events
  • E.g: If you got married ur extraversion and openness goes down
49
Q
  • Explain the Formula rgearidng the interaction of IQ and personality
  • Write it down !
A

VP = Ga+GxG + Ec+rGE+GxE+Ee

50
Q

What does Vp stand for ?

A
  • Total variance of phenotype in a given population
51
Q

What does Ga+GxG stand for ?

A
  • genetic variance
    Ga = additive genetic variation
    GxG = gene interactions
52
Q

What does Ec stand for ?

A
  • impact of the sahred enviorment
53
Q

What does rGE+GxE stand for ?

A
  • interplay between gentic and enviorment correlations
54
Q

What does Ee stand for ?

A
  • Stand for everything else which can not be explained

- E.g unique shared enviorment

Personality and individual differences (9 decks)

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