Task 1 DONE Flashcards
What is a self report ?
- taking a questionar about yourself
What are some caracteristics regarding self report ?
- Every person has to get the same kind of quetsion with same set of alternatives
- must be objective
- most used method
What are the two assumptions regarding self report ?
- U have to know ur behavior/thoughts and feelings
2. Also u must be willing to report the facts
What are some pros about self reports ?
- low cost / high efficiency /short time
- introspective details
What are some cons about self reports ?
- Social desirability bias
- Sometimes bad at judging own personality
- if wrong word choice was used could easily lead to missunderstanding
- Cultural differences
What is the social desirability factor ?
- you want to look better then u are
What are observer reports/ informat reports ?
- third person judging ur character
What are some characteristics regarding observer reports ?
- The person which is closest to u should do the report
What are some pros regarding observer reports ?
- Can be more objective !
- Can have a higher reliablity by including more observer
- principle of aggregation
What are the cons regarding observer report ?
- can lead to false impression (enhancment/aggravate bias
- person himself allways can judge better
- higher cost + more time consuming
- Fundamental attribution error
What is the fundamental attribution error ?
- people underestimate situational cirumstances and over estimate personal trades
What is the principle of aggregation ?
many reports + diff methods combined -> lead to higher reliability
What is the direct behavioral observation ?
- You observe the person directly
- In lab or natural enviorment
- based on that the personality is manifested in everyday life !
What are the cons regarding direct behavioral observation ?
- time consuming + very expensive
- ethical issue
- only observing external behavior
- social desiarbility error
- some indicator can not be directly linked to characteristics
- again more reliability because more people can judge !
What is the solution to the social desiarbility error and the money problem regarding behavioral observation ?
- EAR = Electronically Activated Recorder
- captures short auditory snapshots of what the individual is doing over numerous time between a random time periods
What is Bio/life data ?
- Documents/online data or any kind of objects which give u informaions about your true self.
What are some pros regarding bio life data ?
- very objective
- higher external validity
What are some cons regarding bio life data ?
- one indicator can not explain ur characteristic
- Problem with Stereotypes
What is external validity ?
- Decides wheter the study will occur in real life cases
what are the big five traits ?
- Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness
What is multiple Method approach ?
- accuracy would be increased if these methods were applied in combination with one another
What are the cons of the multiple method ?
- extra time commitment, money, and resources,
What are the pros of multiple method approach ?
- to address new questions that cannot be examined with self-reports alone
- improve construct validity
What is self knowledge ?
- 0,4 to 0,6 correlation
- Accurate self-perceptions about how one typically thinks, feels & behaves
- Also, the awareness of how these patterns are interpreted by others (bias)
What are the four preconceptions regarding informant report ?
- They are time consuming
- They are expensive to collect
- Informants will not cooperate
- Informant reports are not valid
What was the solution regarding the time consuming aspect in informat behavior ?
- only true for traditional informat methods
- solution = Internet
What was the solution regarding the money aspect in informat behavior ?
- Via internet
- do not compensate participants
What was the solution regarding the aspect that participants will not cooperate in informat behavior ?
- Solution:
- questionar should be simple and send reminder infos
What was the solution regarding the aspect that informat behavior are not valid ?
- Participants should not see their ratings
- online questionar are better
- Ask them how honest they were
- combine info with other data
What is the interactionist theorie ?
- individuals select & create their social environments to match preferences, attitudes and self-views
What is the Brunskwi lends model ?
- elements in the environment can serve as a kind of lens through which an observer can indirectly perceive underlying constructs
- Similar to interactionist theorie
- uses Cue utilisation and cue validity
What is cue utilisation ?
- refers to link between observable cue (unorganised desk) and the observer’s judgement (messy)
What is cue validity ?
- Explains how valid/usefull a cue is
What is an Exteria behaviour residue ?
- A cue which u use for outside behavior something u do outside the room
What is an Interia behaviour residue ?
- A cue which u use for inside behavior
- Something u use inside the room where u find it
What is a self directed identity claim ?
- Something u have in your room because u want that in your room
What is a other directed identy claim ?
- Something u have in your room because u want to show of
What is a zero acquaintance study ?
- A life data study where u do not know the person
What is a Long term acquaintance study ?
- A life data study where you do know the person quite well
What is construct validity ?
- is the accuracy of a measurement of the theoretical concept
Where should u look for cues to describe a person and what should u allways leave out regarding linking the cue to the behavior?
- In a personal room
- Leave out stereotypes
What is meta accuracy ?
- reflects peoples awareness of their reputation.
What is Dyadic ?
- reflects people’s awareness of the impression they make on specific individuals(person specific)
