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Personality and individual differences > Task 1 DONE > Flashcards

Task 1 DONE Flashcards

1
Q

What is a self report ?

A
  • taking a questionar about yourself
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2
Q

What are some caracteristics regarding self report ?

A
  • Every person has to get the same kind of quetsion with same set of alternatives
  • must be objective
  • most used method
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3
Q

What are the two assumptions regarding self report ?

A
  1. U have to know ur behavior/thoughts and feelings

2. Also u must be willing to report the facts

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4
Q

What are some pros about self reports ?

A
  • low cost / high efficiency /short time

- introspective details

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5
Q

What are some cons about self reports ?

A
  • Social desirability bias
  • Sometimes bad at judging own personality
  • if wrong word choice was used could easily lead to missunderstanding
  • Cultural differences
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6
Q

What is the social desirability factor ?

A
  • you want to look better then u are
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7
Q

What are observer reports/ informat reports ?

A
  • third person judging ur character
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8
Q

What are some characteristics regarding observer reports ?

A
  • The person which is closest to u should do the report
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9
Q

What are some pros regarding observer reports ?

A
  • Can be more objective !
  • Can have a higher reliablity by including more observer
  • principle of aggregation
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10
Q

What are the cons regarding observer report ?

A
  • can lead to false impression (enhancment/aggravate bias
  • person himself allways can judge better
  • higher cost + more time consuming
  • Fundamental attribution error
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11
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error ?

A
  • people underestimate situational cirumstances and over estimate personal trades
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12
Q

What is the principle of aggregation ?

A

many reports + diff methods combined -> lead to higher reliability

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13
Q

What is the direct behavioral observation ?

A
  • You observe the person directly
  • In lab or natural enviorment
  • based on that the personality is manifested in everyday life !
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14
Q

What are the cons regarding direct behavioral observation ?

A
  • time consuming + very expensive
  • ethical issue
  • only observing external behavior
  • social desiarbility error
  • some indicator can not be directly linked to characteristics
  • again more reliability because more people can judge !
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15
Q

What is the solution to the social desiarbility error and the money problem regarding behavioral observation ?

A
  • EAR = Electronically Activated Recorder

- captures short auditory snapshots of what the individual is doing over numerous time between a random time periods

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16
Q

What is Bio/life data ?

A
  • Documents/online data or any kind of objects which give u informaions about your true self.
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17
Q

What are some pros regarding bio life data ?

A
  • very objective

- higher external validity

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18
Q

What are some cons regarding bio life data ?

A
  • one indicator can not explain ur characteristic

- Problem with Stereotypes

19
Q

What is external validity ?

A
  • Decides wheter the study will occur in real life cases
20
Q

what are the big five traits ?

A
    • Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness
21
Q

What is multiple Method approach ?

A
  • accuracy would be increased if these methods were applied in combination with one another
22
Q

What are the cons of the multiple method ?

A
  • extra time commitment, money, and resources,
23
Q

What are the pros of multiple method approach ?

A
  • to address new questions that cannot be examined with self-reports alone
  • improve construct validity
24
Q

What is self knowledge ?

A
  • 0,4 to 0,6 correlation
  • Accurate self-perceptions about how one typically thinks, feels & behaves
  • Also, the awareness of how these patterns are interpreted by others (bias)
25
Q

What are the four preconceptions regarding informant report ?

A
  1. They are time consuming
  2. They are expensive to collect
  3. Informants will not cooperate
  4. Informant reports are not valid
26
Q

What was the solution regarding the time consuming aspect in informat behavior ?

A
  • only true for traditional informat methods

- solution = Internet

27
Q

What was the solution regarding the money aspect in informat behavior ?

A
  • Via internet

- do not compensate participants

28
Q

What was the solution regarding the aspect that participants will not cooperate in informat behavior ?

A
  • Solution:

- questionar should be simple and send reminder infos

29
Q

What was the solution regarding the aspect that informat behavior are not valid ?

A
  • Participants should not see their ratings
  • online questionar are better
  • Ask them how honest they were
  • combine info with other data
30
Q

What is the interactionist theorie ?

A
  • individuals select & create their social environments to match preferences, attitudes and self-views
31
Q

What is the Brunskwi lends model ?

A
  • elements in the environment can serve as a kind of lens through which an observer can indirectly perceive underlying constructs
  • Similar to interactionist theorie
  • uses Cue utilisation and cue validity
32
Q

What is cue utilisation ?

A
  • refers to link between observable cue (unorganised desk) and the observer’s judgement (messy)
33
Q

What is cue validity ?

A
  • Explains how valid/usefull a cue is
34
Q

What is an Exteria behaviour residue ?

A
  • A cue which u use for outside behavior something u do outside the room
35
Q

What is an Interia behaviour residue ?

A
  • A cue which u use for inside behavior

- Something u use inside the room where u find it

36
Q

What is a self directed identity claim ?

A
  • Something u have in your room because u want that in your room
37
Q

What is a other directed identy claim ?

A
  • Something u have in your room because u want to show of
38
Q

What is a zero acquaintance study ?

A
  • A life data study where u do not know the person
39
Q

What is a Long term acquaintance study ?

A
  • A life data study where you do know the person quite well
40
Q

What is construct validity ?

A
  • is the accuracy of a measurement of the theoretical concept
41
Q

Where should u look for cues to describe a person and what should u allways leave out regarding linking the cue to the behavior?

A
  • In a personal room

- Leave out stereotypes

42
Q

What is meta accuracy ?

A
  • reflects peoples awareness of their reputation.
43
Q

What is Dyadic ?

A
  • reflects people’s awareness of the impression they make on specific individuals(person specific)

Personality and individual differences (9 decks)

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