Task 4 Learn to name theory and to what they belong to Flashcards
What is cloningers the theory of characteristics ?
- Explain characteristics via neurotransmitter
- Dopamine = novelty seeking, Serotonin = harm avoidnace , Norepinepherine= reward dependerice
Which characteristic does dopamine explain ?
- Novelty seeking = exitability impulsivness
- it is the response to pleasurable exciting stimuli
- Add something
How was “novelty seeking “ tested ?
- Parkinson was seen as being prove. but it turned out that there is no correlation between DOPAMINE AND NOVELTY SEEKING
Which characteristic does Serotonin explain ?
- harm avoidance = worry , fear , shyness
- high lvl of serotonin inhibit repsonse to harmful unplesent stimuli
How was harm avoidance tested ?
- With anti depresent people
- showed some kind of correlation between seretonin = harm avoidance
Which characteristic does Norepinephrine ?
- reward dependence = sentimentality, warm communication
- low lvl of norepinephrine = stimuli which as previously be linked to pleasure will be linked to plesure in the current moment as well
How was reward dependence or in general all 3 characteristics meassured ?
- Comparing different people with diff alleles that influence neurot. release to normal people
- EEG, molecular genetics
- reward dependence has some correlation with Norepinephrine
What is Grays theory of characteristics ?
- reinforcement sensitivity theory = Describing charactersitics in form of brain activity
- Behavioral activation, Behavioural inhibtion and fight or flight System
How was Grays theory meassured ?
- MRI
- FMRI
- Neuroscience and animal studies showed that there is proof
What is the BAS behavioural activation system ?
- Go system
- linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate reward
- If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u follow more the rewards
What is the BIS behavioural inhibtion system ?
- Stop system
- linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate punishment
- If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u avoid more punishment
What is the FFS Fight or flight system ?
- linked to regions to that are responsible for extreme reactions in response to danger
- Stronger or more sensitive = higher tendency to show extreme reactions
- > Not fully understood in the theory
What were some issues with gray theory and what did it lead to ?
- Each characteristic was not fully understoody exspecially the FFS
- New Theory: Revised reinforcment sensitivity theory
What are the differences between the old and the revised reinforcment sensitivy theory ?
- BAS = Genreal reaction to reward instead of only to conditioned reward
- FFS -> FFFS = fight flight and freez response
- > in general just more in depth and new information were added
What is eysenecks theory of characteristics
- Explain characteristics within 3 dimensions -> first theory which focused not biological impact
What are the 3 dimensions regarding eysencks theory ?
- Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism
How does Clogners theory and and grey theory correlate ?
BAS = novelty seeking BIS = harm avoidance
How does eysencks theory explain extraversion ?
- It is about a reaction to a certain stimuli
- Extarversion = prefer high stimuli
- Introversion = prefer low stimuli
- > Ascending reticular activating system: regulates amount of stimulation
How does the ARAS system works by extraverded people ?
- Admits little stimulation
- underaroused -> seek for attention
How does the ARAS system works by introverted people ?
- Admits great stimulation
- over aroused -> and aviods stimulation
Which study proofs the characteristics of Extraversion and how was it conducted ?
- The lemon juice task
- introverted people produce more saliva when answering questions about themself while haveing a lemon in there mouth
How does eysencks theory explain neuroticism ?
- shows opposite between neuroticism vs emotinal stable
- it is about how sensitive u react to stress
- limbic system indicator of neuroticism
Why is the limbic system an indicator of neuroticism ?
- the more overwhelmed the more neurotic a person is
How does eysencks theory explain psycotism ?
- its about aggressivness , risk taking and impulsivity
- High lvl of testosterone low lvl of monoamine oxidase
What are some special facts about eysencks theory ?
- Good emparical support
- Forerunner for the reinforcment theory?
How does zuckermans Model explain characteristics ?
- Explain characteristics via brain structure and neurotransmitter and hormones
- so its a combination of all
- 5 factors = activity, sensation seeking, aggregession , neuroticism, sociability
Name some facts about cortisol:
- prepares body for action in response to stress
Name some facts about Oxytocin:
- It is the emotional bonding hormone (close attachment)
- High lvl of oxytocin = more trusting and trustworthy
what is so special regarding oxcytosin ?
- slow degradation = long lasting effect on body = can effect multiple system and is not linked to spatial or temporal areas
Besided trust what are other impacts of OT regarding behaviour ?
- Ot reduces activation of amygdala in response of fear
- ot reduces anxiety
- cole down
