Task 4 Learn to name theory and to what they belong to

Question 1

What is cloningers the theory of characteristics ?

Answer 1

• Explain characteristics via neurotransmitter

- Dopamine = novelty seeking, Serotonin = harm avoidnace , Norepinepherine= reward dependerice

Question 2

Which characteristic does dopamine explain ?

Answer 2

• Novelty seeking = exitability impulsivness
• it is the response to pleasurable exciting stimuli
• Add something

Question 3

How was “novelty seeking “ tested ?

Answer 3

• Parkinson was seen as being prove. but it turned out that there is no correlation between DOPAMINE AND NOVELTY SEEKING

Question 4

Which characteristic does Serotonin explain ?

Answer 4

• harm avoidance = worry , fear , shyness

- high lvl of serotonin inhibit repsonse to harmful unplesent stimuli

Question 5

How was harm avoidance tested ?

Answer 5

• With anti depresent people

- showed some kind of correlation between seretonin = harm avoidance

Question 6

Which characteristic does Norepinephrine ?

Answer 6

• reward dependence = sentimentality, warm communication
• low lvl of norepinephrine = stimuli which as previously be linked to pleasure will be linked to plesure in the current moment as well

Question 7

How was reward dependence or in general all 3 characteristics meassured ?

Answer 7

• Comparing different people with diff alleles that influence neurot. release to normal people
• EEG, molecular genetics
• reward dependence has some correlation with Norepinephrine

Question 8

What is Grays theory of characteristics ?

Answer 8

• reinforcement sensitivity theory = Describing charactersitics in form of brain activity
• Behavioral activation, Behavioural inhibtion and fight or flight System

Question 9

How was Grays theory meassured ?

Answer 9

• MRI
• FMRI
• Neuroscience and animal studies showed that there is proof

Question 10

What is the BAS behavioural activation system ?

Answer 10

• Go system
• linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate reward
• If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u follow more the rewards

Question 11

What is the BIS behavioural inhibtion system ?

Answer 11

• Stop system
• linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate punishment
• If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u avoid more punishment

Question 12

What is the FFS Fight or flight system ?

Answer 12

• linked to regions to that are responsible for extreme reactions in response to danger
• Stronger or more sensitive = higher tendency to show extreme reactions
• > Not fully understood in the theory

Question 13

What were some issues with gray theory and what did it lead to ?

Answer 13

• Each characteristic was not fully understoody exspecially the FFS
• New Theory: Revised reinforcment sensitivity theory

Question 14

What are the differences between the old and the revised reinforcment sensitivy theory ?

Answer 14

• BAS = Genreal reaction to reward instead of only to conditioned reward
• FFS -> FFFS = fight flight and freez response
• > in general just more in depth and new information were added

Question 15

What is eysenecks theory of characteristics

Answer 15

• Explain characteristics within 3 dimensions -> first theory which focused not biological impact

Question 16

What are the 3 dimensions regarding eysencks theory ?

Answer 16

• Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism

Question 17

How does Clogners theory and and grey theory correlate ?

Answer 17

BAS = novelty seeking
BIS = harm avoidance

Question 18

How does eysencks theory explain extraversion ?

Answer 18

• It is about a reaction to a certain stimuli
• Extarversion = prefer high stimuli
• Introversion = prefer low stimuli
• > Ascending reticular activating system: regulates amount of stimulation

Question 19

How does the ARAS system works by extraverded people ?

Answer 19

• Admits little stimulation

- underaroused -> seek for attention

Question 20

How does the ARAS system works by introverted people ?

Answer 20

• Admits great stimulation

- over aroused -> and aviods stimulation

Question 21

Which study proofs the characteristics of Extraversion and how was it conducted ?

Answer 21

• The lemon juice task

- introverted people produce more saliva when answering questions about themself while haveing a lemon in there mouth

Question 22

How does eysencks theory explain neuroticism ?

Answer 22

• shows opposite between neuroticism vs emotinal stable
• it is about how sensitive u react to stress
• limbic system indicator of neuroticism

Question 23

Why is the limbic system an indicator of neuroticism ?

Answer 23

• the more overwhelmed the more neurotic a person is

Question 24

How does eysencks theory explain psycotism ?

Answer 24

• its about aggressivness , risk taking and impulsivity

- High lvl of testosterone low lvl of monoamine oxidase

Question 25

What are some special facts about eysencks theory ?

Answer 25

• Good emparical support

- Forerunner for the reinforcment theory?

Question 26

How does zuckermans Model explain characteristics ?

Answer 26

• Explain characteristics via brain structure and neurotransmitter and hormones
• so its a combination of all
• 5 factors = activity, sensation seeking, aggregession , neuroticism, sociability

Question 27

Name some facts about cortisol:

Answer 27

• prepares body for action in response to stress

Question 28

Name some facts about Oxytocin:

Answer 28

• It is the emotional bonding hormone (close attachment)

- High lvl of oxytocin = more trusting and trustworthy

Question 29

what is so special regarding oxcytosin ?

Answer 29

• slow degradation = long lasting effect on body = can effect multiple system and is not linked to spatial or temporal areas

Question 30

Besided trust what are other impacts of OT regarding behaviour ?

Answer 30

• Ot reduces activation of amygdala in response of fear
• ot reduces anxiety
• cole down