Task 6 - Morality Flashcards

1
Q

Moral Reasoning

A

Conscious mental activity evaluating a moral judgment for its (in)consistency with other moral commitments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Social Intuitionist Model

A

invented by Haidt

  • consists of intuition, judgment and reasoning
  • judgment primarily driven by intuitions
  • reasoning primarily driven by judgment
  • > according to theory: not possible to influence views of somebody by appealing to reasoning (intuition prevails)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dual-process model of moral judgment

A

Deontological moral judgment
-> concerns for rights and duties driven by emotional intuitive responses
Utilitarian/consequentialist judgments
-> aimed at promoting greater good driven by cognitive processes
-> suggests changeability of others opinion by targetting system for controlled cognititon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Action principle

A

Harm caused by an action less morally acceptable than harm caused by an omission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Utilitarian vs deontological judgments

A

Cognitive load slows down utilitarian judgment, not deontological
-people with greater working memory tend to use utilitarian judgment more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WEIRD Moral reasoning

A

Endorse moral codes emphasizing individual rights and independence
-personal actions seen as personal right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Non-WEIRD Moral reasoning

A
  • more strongly moralized duty-based communal obligations and spiritual purity
  • personal actions seen as collective moral concern (e.g. sexual behavior not seen as personal choice)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sacrificing dilemma

A

Individualistic: will sacrifice
Collectivist: more likely to consider additional contextual information
-> less judgment of others who wouldnt sacrifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factors for cultural differences

A
  • Differences in social institutions (e.g. kinship structures, economic markets)
  • Ecological factors (e.g. pathogen prevalence)
  • Religion: e.g. differing views on pure vs. impure actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cultural differences within societies

A

Higher socioeconomic status: make more utilitarian decisions

  • political ideology: left: more built on care and fairness, conservative: more built on loyalty, authority and purity
  • poor people more cooperative less likely to cheat,
  • rich people greater acceptance of greed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Moral identity

A

Network of moral trait associations collectively defining a person’s moral character

  • dimensions:
    1. internalization
    2. symbolization
  • > private and public moral self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Internalization

A

Chronic accessibility of person’s moral self-schema

-> indicative of subjective experience of moral identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symbolization

A

Importance a person places on exhibiting a public moral self to affirm their morality
-> partly driven by impression management and self-verification motives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prescriptive moral regulation

A

Performance of good deeds, helping others by lessening their suffering or improving their welfare

  • > immoral to not do them when having the chance
  • high internalizers more likely to engage
  • high symbolizers motivated by situational cues (e.g. has to be public)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proscriptive moral regulation

A

Inhibiting motivations to commit harmful or immoral acts

  • > high internalizers: more moral restraint
    symbolizers: more receptive to retaliatory and punitive reactions (more aware of status)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internalization primary principle (IPP)

A

Moral identity internalization has stronger impact on individual’s reactions to cues in social environment when thinking about prescriptive moral behaviors

  • > symbolizers only engage when it promotes reputation
  • > for prescriptive moral outcomes
17
Q

Internalization-symbolization equality principle (ISEP)

A

Internalization and symbolization equally important in regulating reaction to situational cues when faced with temptation to act immorally
-internalization: personality and relational cues (e.g. power)
-symbolization: relevant for reactive
proscriptive moral behavior
-> for proscriptive moral outcomes

18
Q

Licensing effect

A

If environment doesn’t sanction immoral behavior, high symbolizers are likely to engage in it

19
Q

Components of Moral reasoning

A

Arises from coordinated activity between domain-general capacities:

  • perspective-taking
  • salience processing
  • executive control
  • valuation
  • social norm compliance
20
Q

Mutualistic perspective

A

Assumption that it is evolutionarily adaptive to prefer some kinds of moral outcomes because it helps to maintain cooperation

21
Q

Humean idea

A

Moral judgments arise from immediate aversive reaction to perceived or imagined harm to victims
-> judgments because of initial reaction

22
Q

Justice motivation

A

We are more likely to morally agree with someone when we can identify with them

  • > prosecutors: try to make out defendant as out-group
  • > defense attorneys: try to humanize their clients
23
Q

Sleep and moral awareness

A

Lack of sleep leads to lack of moral awareness

-> decrease of 2 hours of sleep per night, 10% decrease in moral awareness

24
Q

Western moral theory

A

Only criminal behavior classified as immoral (US)

25
Chinese moral theory (Eastern)
Chinese also classify uncivil behavior as immoral (e.g. spitting on street)
26
Moral dumbfounding
Intuition "believed" more by humans than reasoning | -> will not agree even though they cannot produce any arguments against something anymore