Task 6

Question 1

What does a shaded part in a Venn diagram mean ?

Answer 1

• That the area is empty

Question 2

What does placing an x in a Venn Diagramm stand for ?

Answer 2

• At least one thing exist in that area

Question 3

What does no mark in an area stand for ?

Answer 3

• We do not have any knowledge regarding the area

Question 4

What is meant by a conversion ?

Answer 4

• Switching subject and predicate and see if the argument is still equivelant ?
• > E and I is
• > A and O is not

Question 5

What is meant by a obversion ?

Answer 5

• ALL S are P -> No S are non P
• No S are P -> All S are non P
• Some S are P -> Some S are not non P
• Some S are not P -> Some S are non P (doppel not gets crossed out)
• vaild for all ! (AEIO)

Question 6

What is meant by a contraposition ?

Answer 6

• A and O is only valid
• E and I is not valid
• All S are -> All non P are non S
• No S are P -> No non P are non S
• Some S are P -> Some non P are non S
• Some S are not P–> Some non P are not non S
• ADD everywhere a non !
• Switch S and P

Question 7

What is meant by a subject term ?

Answer 7

• First proposition in a sentence

Question 8

What is meant by a predicate term ?

Answer 8

• Second proposition in a sentence

Question 9

What does the letter A represent ?

Answer 9

All S are P

Question 10

What does the letter E represent ?

Answer 10

No S are P

Question 11

What does the letter I represent ?

Answer 11

Some S are P

Question 12

What does the letter O represent ?

Answer 12

Some S are not P

Question 13

What does affirmative mean ?

Answer 13

• “No and not” is not represented

Question 14

What does negative mean ?

Answer 14

• “No and not” is represented

Question 15

What does universal mean ?

Answer 15

• Something is being said about all members

- includes “All or NO”

Question 16

What does particular mean ?

Answer 16

• Something is being said about a particular group

- “Some” is included

Question 17

What is meant by a capula ?

Answer 17

• The link between terms

- “Are not / Are / is “ is inluded

Question 18

How is the distribution of the predicate term determined ?

Answer 18

1. If it is a Affirmative proposition then it is particular

2. if it is a negative proposition it is universal

Question 19

What does contradictory mean ?

Answer 19

• Can not be true nor false at the same time !
• A vs O
• E vs I

Question 20

What does Subcontrary mean ?

Answer 20

• Both can be true but not both false

- but they can be different

Question 21

What does Subaltern mean ?

Answer 21

• They have to be the same (both true or both false)

Question 22

What does Contrary mean ?

Answer 22

• Can not not be true at the same time but false and also different