Task 4

Question 1

What does the ARG method tries to determine ?

Answer 1

• It dertermines if an aregument is cogent (überzeugend)

Question 2

What are the three categorize regarding the ARG method ?

Answer 2

A = Acceptable premise (regarding to the addressed person and yourself) -> works on premise
R = Premise have to be RELEVANT for the conclusion -> works on premise
G = Does the premise provide GOOD GROUNDS for the conclusion  -> works on conclusion (is it true)

Question 3

What are the three types of ethics ?

Answer 3

• Mathematics
• Normative ethics
• applied ethics

Question 4

What does mathematics regading ethics mean/stand for ?

Answer 4

• Mathematics investigates where our ethical principles come from and what they in general mean
• Based on mathematics we gain universal answers

Question 5

What does normative ethics mean/stand for ?

Answer 5

• moral standards that regulate right and wrong behaviour

- We should do to others what we would want others to do to us (golden rule)

Question 6

What does aplied ethics mean/stand for ?

Answer 6

• involves examining specific controversial issues

- Example: such as abortion

Question 7

What is egoism ?

Answer 7

• All of our actions are based on selfishness

Question 8

What is meant by psychological hedonism ?

Answer 8

• the view that

pleasure is the specific driving force behind all of our actions

Question 9

What is meant by psychological altruism ?

Answer 9

• some of our actions are motivated by instinctive benevolence/goodwill

Question 10

What does a moral utterance (äußerung) need ?

Answer 10

1. Emotive = Expressing my emotions about a specific behaviour
2. Prescriptive: It is kinda like a command that u should donate to charity

Question 11

What is meant by virtues rules (tugend)?

Answer 11

• It argues that morality is not learned but developed trhough ot good habbits of character
• Also it means to avoid bad characteristics (vices)

Question 12

How do people usually set up there rules of life/morality ?

Answer 12

• rules of morality must be learned
• They consists of precisely definition
  on how to behave
• “don’t kill,” or “don’t steal

Question 13

What are the four cardinal virtues originally founded by plato ?

Answer 13

• wisdom, courage,

temperance and justice.

Question 14

Which were the three theological virtues which Aristotles added to platos existing virtues ?

Answer 14

• faith, hope, and charity

Question 15

How else can our morality be determine ?

Answer 15

• Weighing the consequences of our actions (solely)

- Action is right if it is more favorable then unfavorable

Question 16

What is meant by the ethical egoism regarding the cosequentialism ?

Answer 16

• it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action

Question 17

What is meant by the ethical alturism regarding the cosequentialism ?

Answer 17

• it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent

Question 18

What is meant by the ethical utilitarianism regarding the cosequentialism ?

Answer 18

• it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone

Question 19

What is meant by deontological ?

Answer 19

• These are
  obligatory principles, irrespective of the consequences that might follow from our
  action
• Taking care of a child

Question 20

How did Kant define dutys ?

Answer 20

• regarding the cartegorical imperative

Question 21

What are the 3 dutys acording to the rights theory ?

Answer 21

• life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness