Task 4 Flashcards
What does the ARG method tries to determine ?
- It dertermines if an aregument is cogent (überzeugend)
What are the three categorize regarding the ARG method ?
A = Acceptable premise (regarding to the addressed person and yourself) -> works on premise R = Premise have to be RELEVANT for the conclusion -> works on premise G = Does the premise provide GOOD GROUNDS for the conclusion -> works on conclusion (is it true)
What are the three types of ethics ?
- Mathematics
- Normative ethics
- applied ethics
What does mathematics regading ethics mean/stand for ?
- Mathematics investigates where our ethical principles come from and what they in general mean
- Based on mathematics we gain universal answers
What does normative ethics mean/stand for ?
- moral standards that regulate right and wrong behaviour
- We should do to others what we would want others to do to us (golden rule)
What does aplied ethics mean/stand for ?
- involves examining specific controversial issues
- Example: such as abortion
What is egoism ?
- All of our actions are based on selfishness
What is meant by psychological hedonism ?
- the view that
pleasure is the specific driving force behind all of our actions
What is meant by psychological altruism ?
- some of our actions are motivated by instinctive benevolence/goodwill
What does a moral utterance (äußerung) need ?
- Emotive = Expressing my emotions about a specific behaviour
- Prescriptive: It is kinda like a command that u should donate to charity
What is meant by virtues rules (tugend)?
- It argues that morality is not learned but developed trhough ot good habbits of character
- Also it means to avoid bad characteristics (vices)
How do people usually set up there rules of life/morality ?
- rules of morality must be learned
- They consists of precisely definition
on how to behave - “don’t kill,” or “don’t steal
What are the four cardinal virtues originally founded by plato ?
- wisdom, courage,
temperance and justice.
Which were the three theological virtues which Aristotles added to platos existing virtues ?
- faith, hope, and charity
How else can our morality be determine ?
- Weighing the consequences of our actions (solely)
- Action is right if it is more favorable then unfavorable
What is meant by the ethical egoism regarding the cosequentialism ?
- it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action
What is meant by the ethical alturism regarding the cosequentialism ?
- it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent
What is meant by the ethical utilitarianism regarding the cosequentialism ?
- it means that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone
What is meant by deontological ?
- These are
obligatory principles, irrespective of the consequences that might follow from our
action - Taking care of a child
How did Kant define dutys ?
- regarding the cartegorical imperative
What are the 3 dutys acording to the rights theory ?
- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
