Task 3- Prejudice& Discrimination

Question 1

Three-Component attitude model

Answer 1

attitude consists of
cognitive (beliefs about a group), affective (strong negative feeling about a group and qualities)
&
behavioural (intention to behave in certain way towards a group) components

Question 2

Role congruity theory

Answer 2

people behave in ways that are inconsistent with role expectations

-> observers react negatively

Question 3

Face-ism

Answer 3

greater prominence to the head and less prominence to the body for men

greater prominence to the body rather than to the head for women

Question 4

Implicit association test (IAT)

Answer 4

Reaction-time test to measure attitudes

-particularly unpopular attitudes that people might conceal

Question 5

Reluctance to help

Form of discrimination

Answer 5

Passively or actively failing to assist effort of other groups

-> one make sure they remain in disadvantage

Question 6

Tokenism (Form of discrimination)

Answer 6

Practice of publicly making small concessions to a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice & discrimination

Question 7

Reverse discrimination

Form of discrimination

Answer 7

Practice of publicly being prejudiced in favour of a minority group order to deflect accusations of prejudice & discrimination against that group

Question 8

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 8

expectations and assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with that person
and eventually change their behaviour in line with our expectations

-> beliefs create reality

Question 9

Mere exposure effect

Answer 9

repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to tht object

Question 10

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 10

all frustration leads to aggression & all aggression leads to frustration

Question 11

Displacement

Answer 11

transfer of negative feelings on to an individual/group, other than to which originally cause negative feelings

Question 12

Social Dominance Theory

Answer 12

explains extent to which people accept/reject societal ideologies/myths that legitimise hierarchy and discrimination

Question 13

Belief congruence theory

Answer 13

similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people

-> dissimilar beliefs produce dislike&prejudice

Question 14

Relative deprivation

Answer 14

sense of having less than we feel entitled to

Question 15

Minimal group paradigm

Answer 15

Experimental methodology

to investigate the effect of social categorization alone on behaviour

Question 16

J-curve

Answer 16

a graphical figure that captures the way in which relative deprivation arises when attainment suddenly falls short of expectations

Question 17

Ethnocentrism

Answer 17

Evaluative preference for all aspects of our own group relative to other groups

Question 18

Superordinate goals

Answer 18

goal both groups desire and have to achieve cooperating

Question 19

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 19

explains intergroup behaviour in terms of the nature of goal relations between groups

Question 20

Prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 20

two-person game in which both parties are torn between competition and cooperation and, depending on mutual choices both can win or both can lose

Question 21

Authoritarian personality

Answer 21

personality syndrome originating in childhood that predisposes individuals to be prejudiced

Question 22

Social mobility belief system

Answer 22

it is possible for someone to pass from a lower-status into a higher-status group to improve social identity

Question 23

Intergroup emotions

Answer 23

Outgroup emotions (negative) may result in prejudice/discrmination & emotions felt by ingroup members will quickly be felt by self 
(because of common identity bound)

Question 24

Emergent norm theory

Answer 24

collective behaviour is regulated by norms based on distinctive behaviour that arises in the initially normless crowd

Question 25

Contact hypothesis

Answer 25

view that bringing members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relation & reduce prejudice & discrimination

Question 26

extended contact

Answer 26

knowing about an ingroup member who shares a close relationship with an outgroup member
-> can improve one’s own attitude towards the outgroup