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Pharm Exam 3 > Targets for antihypertensive drugs > Flashcards

Targets for antihypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Renin cleaves what?

A

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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2
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme is inhibited by what?

A

ACE inhibitors

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3
Q

Bradykinin causes what in the vascular system

A

Vasodilation

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4
Q

Which causes more vasoconstriction? Angiotensin 2 or 3?

A

Angiotensin 2

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5
Q

Angiotensin 2 affects which angiotensin receptors?

A

AT receptor 1 and 2

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6
Q

Angiotensin 3 affects which Angiotensin receptors?

A

Angiotensin receptor 1 and 2

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7
Q

Effect of NaCl reabsorption at Macula Densa?

A

Inhibits Renin release

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8
Q

Effect of Decrease in blood pressure in pre-glomerular vessels?

A

Inhibit of renin release

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9
Q

Activation of B1 Adrenergic receptors on JGCs causes what?

A

Causes renin release

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10
Q

Where are angiotensin 2 type 1 receptors located? (5)

A

Blood vessels, brain, adrenals, kidney, and heart

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11
Q

Activation of AT1 receptors does what?

A

Increase BP

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12
Q

Result of angiotensin 2 on altered cardiovascular structure?

A

Vascular and Cardiac Hypertrophy and remodeling

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13
Q

Inhibitors of renin angiotensin system?

A

Direct Renin inhibitors
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers

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14
Q

Suffix that indicates an ACE inhibitor drug?

A

PRIL

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15
Q

Besides angiotensin what else do ACE inhibitors inhibit?

A

Bradykinin

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16
Q

What class of drugs would interfere with Bradykinin mediated vasodilation?

A

NSAIDS

17
Q

Characteristics of Captopril? (4)

A

Active site inhibitor
Short half life
Absorption reduced by food
Altered taste, rash

18
Q

Largest class of ACE inhibitors?

A

Dicarboxyl containing ACE inhibitors

19
Q

Characteristics of Enalopril? (3)

A

It’s a pro-drug
Long half life
Parenteral administration

20
Q

How are ACE inhibitors cleared from the body? Exception?

A

Renal

Moexipril cleared via hepatic

21
Q

How do ACE inhibitors compete?

A

Competitively

22
Q

Characteristics of Lisinopril? (3)

A

Not a prodrug
Lysine derivative of enalaprilat
Half life of 12 hours

23
Q

Characteristics of Fosinopril (3)

A

Prodrug
Hepatic metabolism with excretion in urine and bile
Half life of 11.5 hours

24
Q

Clinical uses of ACE inhibitors? (4)

A

Hypertension
Left Ventricular systolic dysfunction
Myocardial infarction
Diabetic Nephropathy

25
Q

Main adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? (3)

A

Acute renal failure
Dry cough
Skin rash

26
Q

When do you not want to use ACE inhibitors?

A 
Pregnancy
Renal insufficiency (causes neutropenia)
27
Q

Antacids have what effect on ACE inhibitors?

A

Reduce bioavailability

28
Q

NSAIDS have what effect on ACE inhibitors?

A

Reduce effectiveness

29
Q

ACE inhibitors increase plasma levels of what?

A

Digoxin and lithium

30
Q

ACE inhibitors can interact with what supplement?

A

K+ supplements

31
Q

What are the Angiotensin 2 Type 1 receptor antagonists known as?

A

The “Sartans”

32
Q

Do Angiotensin 2 Type 1 receptor antagonists affect Bradykinin system?

A

No

33
Q

Clinical uses for Angiotensin 2 Type 1 Receptor Antagonists? (4)

A

Hypertension
Congestive Heart Failure
Diabetic Nephropathy
Stroke prophylaxis

34
Q

Adverse effects of A2T1R?

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Teratogenic potential (2nd and 3rd trimester)

35
Q

Side effect of Direct Renin inhibitor?

A

Diarrhea

36
Q

Effect of high fat meals on direct renin inhibitor absorption?

A

Decrease in absorption

37
Q

What are direct renin inhibitors used to treat?

A

Hypertension

38
Q

Who do you not want to you renin inhibitors on?

A

Pregnant

Nursing mothers

Pharm Exam 3 (10 decks)

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