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Pharm Exam 3 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

How will hypertension commonly present?

A

Asymptomatic

Little observation of dizziness or headache

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2
Q

What diastolic pressure is indicative of hypertension?

A

Greater than 90

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3
Q

What systolic pressure is indicative of hypertension?

A

Greater than 140

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4
Q

Pulse pressure of what is a very good indicator of hypertension?

A

Greater than 65

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5
Q

What age group is most at risk for hypertension?

A

50 or older

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6
Q

Cause of primary hypertension?

A

No identifiable cause

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7
Q

What happens to peripheral resistance in hypertension?

Cardiac output?

A

Peripheral resistance increase

Cardiac output remains the same

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8
Q

Where does Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act?

A

Proximal tubule

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9
Q

What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent from being reabsorbed?

A

Bicarbonate which means the simport doesn’t work to transport Na out and water won’t follow

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10
Q

Effect of long term diuretics on HR and CO?

A

Unchanged

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11
Q

Effect of long term diuretics on total peripheral resistance?

A

Decreased

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12
Q

Effect of long term diuretics on plasma volume?

A

Decreased on unchanged

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13
Q

Effect of long term diuretics on plasma renin activity?

A

Increased

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14
Q

What diuretics act in the loop of henle?

A

Loop Diuretics

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15
Q

Loop Diuretics inhibit what?

A

Na,K,Cl symport

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16
Q

Potassium drives what ions from the lumen into interstitial space?

A

Ca2+

Mg2+

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17
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Thick ascending limb

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18
Q

Clinical uses of Loop Diuretics? (2)

A

Edematous conditions

Acute pulmonary edema

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19
Q

When do you not want to use Loop diuretics?

A

Patients with sulfa allergies

20
Q

Toxicities of loop diuretics?

A 
Dehydration
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Ototoxicity
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia
21
Q

In patients with normal renal function what type of diuretics do you want to use to treat hypertension?

A

Thiazides are more effective than loop diuretics in these patients

22
Q

Which diuretics work in the distal convoluted tubules?

A

Thiazides

23
Q

What symport does thiazide inhibit?

A

Sodium Chloride channel

24
Q

Suffix that tells you a drug is a thiazide?

A

THIAZIDE

25
Q

Thiazide drug you need to know?

A

Chlorthiazide

26
Q

clinical uses of thiazides? (2)

A

Hypertension

Congestive heart failure

27
Q

Contraindication for thiazide diuretics?

A

Sulfa allergies

28
Q

Diuretics that act in the collecting tubule?

A

Na channel inhibitors

29
Q

Reduced Na entry into cells in Amiloride collecting tube diuretics also reduces whaT?

A

K+ excretion

30
Q

Toxicity of Amiloride collecting tube diuretics? (2)

A

Hyperkalemia

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

31
Q

Contraindications for Amiloride collecting tube diuretics? (2)

A

K+ supplements

ACE inhibitors

32
Q

Clinical uses of Amiloride collecting tube diuretics?

A

CHF/hypertension

Reducing BP

33
Q

What type of diuretic is Triamterene?

A

Collecting tube diuretic

34
Q

Effect of Triamterne on BP?

A

No efficacy in lowering BP when used alone

35
Q

Contraindications of Triamterne?

A

Kidney stones
K+ supplements
ACE inhibitors

36
Q

Antagonist of Aldosterone?

A

Spironolactone

37
Q

Action of Spironolactone? (2)

A

Block actions of aldosterone

Inhibition of 5a-reductase

38
Q

Clinical uses of Spironolactone? (1)

A

Hypertension/CHF

39
Q

Toxicities of Spironolactone? (5)

A 
Hyperkalemia
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
Gynecomastia
Impotence
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
40
Q

Contraindications of Spironolactone?

A

K+ supplements
ACE inhibitors
Chronic renal insufficiency

41
Q

Aldosterone antagonist that isn’t Spironolactone?

A

Eplerenone

42
Q

How long does therapy with Eplerenone take?

A

4 weeks

43
Q

What clinical problem do you use Eplerenone for?

A

Hypertension

44
Q

Toxicities of Eplerenone? (2)

A

Hyperkalemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

45
Q

Contraindications of Eplerenone? (4)

A

K+ supplements
CYP450 3A4 inhibitors
Diabetes associated with microalbuminuria
Chronic renal insufficiency

Pharm Exam 3 (10 decks)

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