Hypertension

Question 1

How will hypertension commonly present?

Answer 1

Asymptomatic

Little observation of dizziness or headache

Question 2

What diastolic pressure is indicative of hypertension?

Answer 2

Greater than 90

Question 3

What systolic pressure is indicative of hypertension?

Answer 3

Greater than 140

Question 4

Pulse pressure of what is a very good indicator of hypertension?

Answer 4

Greater than 65

Question 5

What age group is most at risk for hypertension?

Answer 5

50 or older

Question 6

Cause of primary hypertension?

Answer 6

No identifiable cause

Question 7

What happens to peripheral resistance in hypertension?

Cardiac output?

Answer 7

Peripheral resistance increase

Cardiac output remains the same

Question 8

Where does Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act?

Answer 8

Proximal tubule

Question 9

What do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent from being reabsorbed?

Answer 9

Bicarbonate which means the simport doesn’t work to transport Na out and water won’t follow

Question 10

Effect of long term diuretics on HR and CO?

Answer 10

Unchanged

Question 11

Effect of long term diuretics on total peripheral resistance?

Answer 11

Decreased

Question 12

Effect of long term diuretics on plasma volume?

Answer 12

Decreased on unchanged

Question 13

Effect of long term diuretics on plasma renin activity?

Answer 13

Increased

Question 14

What diuretics act in the loop of henle?

Answer 14

Loop Diuretics

Question 15

Loop Diuretics inhibit what?

Answer 15

Na,K,Cl symport

Question 16

Potassium drives what ions from the lumen into interstitial space?

Answer 16

Ca2+

Mg2+

Question 17

Where do loop diuretics work?

Answer 17

Thick ascending limb

Question 18

Clinical uses of Loop Diuretics? (2)

Answer 18

Edematous conditions

Acute pulmonary edema

Question 19

When do you not want to use Loop diuretics?

Answer 19

Patients with sulfa allergies

Question 20

Toxicities of loop diuretics?

Answer 20

Dehydration
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Ototoxicity
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia

Question 21

In patients with normal renal function what type of diuretics do you want to use to treat hypertension?

Answer 21

Thiazides are more effective than loop diuretics in these patients

Question 22

Which diuretics work in the distal convoluted tubules?

Answer 22

Thiazides

Question 23

What symport does thiazide inhibit?

Answer 23

Sodium Chloride channel

Question 24

Suffix that tells you a drug is a thiazide?

Answer 24

THIAZIDE

Question 25

Thiazide drug you need to know?

Answer 25

Chlorthiazide

Question 26

clinical uses of thiazides? (2)

Answer 26

Hypertension | Congestive heart failure

Question 27

Contraindication for thiazide diuretics?

Answer 27

Sulfa allergies

Question 28

Diuretics that act in the collecting tubule?

Answer 28

Na channel inhibitors

Question 29

Reduced Na entry into cells in Amiloride collecting tube diuretics also reduces whaT?

Answer 29

K+ excretion

Question 30

Toxicity of Amiloride collecting tube diuretics? (2)

Answer 30

Hyperkalemia | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 31

Contraindications for Amiloride collecting tube diuretics? (2)

Answer 31

K+ supplements | ACE inhibitors

Question 32

Clinical uses of Amiloride collecting tube diuretics?

Answer 32

CHF/hypertension | Reducing BP

Question 33

What type of diuretic is Triamterene?

Answer 33

Collecting tube diuretic

Question 34

Effect of Triamterne on BP?

Answer 34

No efficacy in lowering BP when used alone

Question 35

Contraindications of Triamterne?

Answer 35

Kidney stones K+ supplements ACE inhibitors

Question 36

Antagonist of Aldosterone?

Answer 36

Spironolactone

Question 37

Action of Spironolactone? (2)

Answer 37

Block actions of aldosterone | Inhibition of 5a-reductase

Question 38

Clinical uses of Spironolactone? (1)

Answer 38

Hypertension/CHF

Question 39

Toxicities of Spironolactone? (5)

Answer 39

``` Hyperkalemia Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis Gynecomastia Impotence Benign prostatic hyperplasia ```

Question 40

Contraindications of Spironolactone?

Answer 40

K+ supplements ACE inhibitors Chronic renal insufficiency

Question 41

Aldosterone antagonist that isn't Spironolactone?

Answer 41

Eplerenone

Question 42

How long does therapy with Eplerenone take?

Answer 42

4 weeks

Question 43

What clinical problem do you use Eplerenone for?

Answer 43

Hypertension

Question 44

Toxicities of Eplerenone? (2)

Answer 44

Hyperkalemia | Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 45

Contraindications of Eplerenone? (4)

Answer 45

K+ supplements CYP450 3A4 inhibitors Diabetes associated with microalbuminuria Chronic renal insufficiency