Intro to autonomic pharm Flashcards
What diseases/problems can cause autonomic nervous system disorders? (6)
Poisoning Dementia with Lewy bodies Diabetes Mellitus Multiple Sclerosis Alcoholism Drugs
Side effects of clozapine? (3)
Dry mouth
Slowed heart beat
Constipation
Two divisions of the autonomic system?
Sympathetic (Fight/Flight)
Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest)
Adrenergic neurotransmitters fall into which category of ANS?
Sympathetic
What are the two adrenergic neurotransmitters?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Cholinergic neurotransmitters fall into which category of the ANS?
Parasympathetic
What is the Cholinergic neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
What are the two exogenous cholinergic categories?
Muscarine
Nicotine
What is dopamine a precursor of?
Norepinephrine
How do Ritalin and Adderall activate SANS indirectly?
Releasing NE
How do drugs influence the ANS?
Mimic or block the effects of two primary neurotransmitters Acetylcholine, and Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Drugs that mimic acetylcholine are referred to as what?
Cholinergic = muscarinic agonists = parasympathomimetic
Drugs that block acetylcholine referred to as what?
Anticholinergic = muscarinic antagonist = parasympatholytic
Drugs that mimic norepinephrine referred to as what?
Adrenergic = Adrenergic agonist = sympathomimetic
Drugs that block norepinephrine referred to as what?
Antiadrenergic = adrenergic antagonist = sympatholytic
Where are nicotinic receptors located?
Ganglions
Skeletal muscle
Neuronal CNS
Nicotinic receptors are made out of what?
Ion channels made out of 5 subunits
Which muscarinic receptor is ubiquitous?
M3
Where is muscarinic receptor 2 located? (4)
Heart
Bladder
Hippocampus
Cerebral Cortex
What are two characteristics of muscarinic receptors?
7 transmembrane domain
G-protein coupled receptors
What groups on Adrenergic receptors are there? (3)
a1
a2
B
Adrenergic receptors a1 are coupled how?
Gq coupled
Adrenergic receptors B are coupled how?
Gs coupled
Which receptor causes contraction of the ciliary muscle?
M3
What does B2 adrenergic receptor cause in the ciliary epithelium?
Increase secretion of aqueous humor
Circular muscles of the eye are under the care of what receptor?
M3
Radial muscles of the eye are taken care of by what receptor?
a1
Equation for pressure?
Pressure = Flow (Q) x Resistance (R)
Equation for flow?
Stroke volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
What does Nitric Oxide do?
Muscle relaxation
What happens in pathologies where the vascular endothelium is disrupted?
M3 receptor vasocontriction
Which ANS responses are in the heart?
M2 and B1
Which receptors are found in apocrine sweat glands?
a1
Eccrine sweat glands have what kind of receptor?
M3
Salivary glands sympathetic and parasympathetic response?
Sym: Increase secretion
Para: Increase secretion
Receptors involved in salivary glands?
a1
M3
In smooth muscle wall what is the sympathetic and parasympathetic response?
Sym: Relaxation
Para: Contraction
In smooth muscle wall what receptors are involved?
a2, B2
M3
In smooth muscle sphincter what is function of sympathetic and parasympathetic response?
Sym: Contraction
Para: Relaxation
In smooth muscle sphincters what receptors are involved?
a1
M2
smooth muscle Sympathetic and parasympathetic response for secretion?
Sym: Inhibit secretion
Para: Increase secretion
Which receptors are involved with smooth muscle secretion?
a2
M1, M3
Liver Metabolic functions carried out by adrenergic? (2)
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Fat cell function by adrenergic?
Lipolysis
Kidney function by adrenergic?
Increase renin secretion
Pancreas function by adrenergic?
Decrease insulin release
