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PCOG > Tannins > Flashcards

Tannins Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: tannins are a mixture of polyphenols difficult to separate because they
strongly crystallize

A

false. Tannins are a mixture of polyphenols difficult to separate because they
DO NOT crystallize

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2
Q

t/f tannins convert animal hide to leather

A

true

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3
Q

source of tannins

A

barks / stems

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4
Q

Use: astringent, antidote to alkaloidal poisoning, precipitants, tanning and dyeing industry

A

tannins

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5
Q

example of carcinogenic tannin

A

chewing of betel nut (Areca catechu)

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6
Q

mechanism of betel nut as carcinogenic

A
  • contains ARECOLINE, which is a CNS STIMULANT and a family of nicotine
  • link to high risk of ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
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7
Q

tannins

A

pseud & true

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8
Q

true tannins

A

hydrolysable, condensed, complex

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9
Q

hydrolysable tannins

A

gallo and ellagitannins

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10
Q

t/f: pseudotannins do not precipitate leather but can precipitate gelatin

A

true

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11
Q

pseudotannins
- MW of ___________
- _____ MW

A

MW of <1,000
LOW MW since they exist as individual molecules (combine = true tannin)

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12
Q

true tannins
- MW of ___________
- _____ MW

A

MW of 1000 - 5000
MODERATE SIZE MW

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13
Q

t/f: true tannin polyphenol must be too large

A

false. they must NEITHER be:
- Too large (greater than 5000) as to be unable to enter the interstices of the collagen fibrils
- Too small (less than 1000) that it is unable to crosslink protein molecules of adjacent fibrils

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14
Q

t/f pseudo and true tannins are both POSITIVE in GELATIN TEST

A

true

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15
Q

true tannin result on GOLDBEATER’s

A

(+) Brown black spot (using ox intestine)

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16
Q

pseudo tannin result on GOLDBEATER’s

A

negative

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17
Q

test for tannin mechanism

A

Quantitatively detected by tanning Gold-beater’s skin test by its adsorption on standard hide powder

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18
Q

t/f: tannin can precipitate gelatin

A

true

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19
Q

true tannins (name)
hydrolyzable : __________
non-hydrolyzable : __________

A

hydrolyzable : PYROGALLOTANNIN
non-hydrolyzable : PHLOBATANNIN, CONDENSED

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20
Q

phenolic nuclei
hydrolyzable : __________
non-hydrolyzable : __________

A

hydrolyzable : Gallic and ellagic
non-hydrolyzable : Catechin and
chlorogenic acid

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21
Q

yield when heated
hydrolyzable : __________
non-hydrolyzable : __________

A

hydrolyzable : PYROGALLOL
non-hydrolyzable : CATECHOL

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22
Q

leather produced
hydrolyzable : __________
non-hydrolyzable : __________

A

hydrolyzable : BLOOM
non-hydrolyzable : TANNER’S RED

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23
Q

Hydrolyzable result in
FeCl3 =
Br2 =
KMnO4 =
Matchstick =
Chlorogenic =

A

Hydrolyzable result in
FeCl3 = BLUE BLACK
Br2 = NO PPT
KMnO4 =COLORLESS
Matchstick = -
Chlorogenic = -

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24
Q

Non-hydrolyzable result in
FeCl3 =
Br2 =
KMnO4 =
Matchstick =
Chlorogenic =

A

Non-hydrolyzable result in
FeCl3 = GREEN BLACK
Br2 = PPT
KMnO4 = VIOLET
Matchstick = (+) PINK/RED
Chlorogenic = (+) GRADUAL CHANGE TO GREEN

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25
Q

t/f Hydrochloric acid cannot hydrolyze catechins and chlorogenic acid that is why there is a formation of precipitate

A

true

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26
Q

phenolic aglycone: gallic acid

A

gallotanin

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27
Q

phenolic aglycone: ellagic acid, no sugar component

A

ellagitannin

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28
Q

hydrolyzable tannins contains glucose (thus, glycosides)

A

true

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29
Q

hydrolysable tannin from the lactonization of hexahydroxydiphenic acid

A

ellagitannin

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30
Q

Contains flavonoids (nonglycoside)

A

nonhydrolyzable / condensed tannin

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30
Q
A
31
Q

t/f: non hydrolyzable tannins are readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and do not contain sugar moiety

A

false. NOT READILY HYDROLYZED

32
Q

t/f: Cinnamic acid and Coumaric acid can form condensed Tannins

A

true

33
Q

Hybrid (mix of) both hydrolysable and non-hydrolysable tannins

A

complex

34
Q

Term applied by Okuda for tannins with both hydrolysable and condensed portions

A

complex

35
Q

hamamelis is used in eyedrops to

A

soothe the eye

35
Q

Scientific Name: Leaf of Hamamelis virginiana
Constituent: Hamamelitannin

A

Hamamelis / Witch Hazel

36
Q

Hamamelis use

A

Use: astringent, hemostatic properties

37
Q

t/f: witch hazel is an anti-inflammatory due to 5-LOX inhibition (can be used for teething preparation, sprains, bruise, superficial wounds)

A

true

38
Q

nutgall / aleppo oak
old concept by _______
new concept by _________

A

old concept by TYLER
new concept by TREASE & EVANS

39
Q

Constituent: tannic acid, gallic acid

A

old concept

40
Q

Constituent: 50-70% gallotannic acis, gallic acid

A

new concept

41
Q

use of nutgall

A

use: tanning and dyeing industry, astringent

42
Q

Scientific Name: Excrescence from twigs of Quercus infectoria

A

Nutgall / Aleppo Oak

43
Q

Nutgall caused by the puncture of insect Cynips tinctoria

A

old concept

44
Q

Nutgall caused by the puncture and deposition of eggs of gallwasp Adleria gallaetinctoriae / Cynips tinctoriae

A

new concept

45
Q

nutgall color which has the most gallic acid

A

blue color

46
Q

nutgall color which has decomposed tannin, with circular tunnel (no tannin anymore, not harvested)

A

white color

47
Q

nutgall color which is mature as the insect escape from the gall

A

white color

48
Q

CNS active comp of MeOH gall extract

A

syringic acid

49
Q

Scientific Name: Dried pericarp of fruit Punica granatum

A

Pomegranate

50
Q

t/f pomegranate has 28% ellagitannin (primarily punicalagin)

A

true

51
Q

pomegranate use

A

use: astringent, for diarrhea

52
Q

pomegranate has synergism with antibiotics especially against _________ and a potential against ____________ and ___________

A

pomegranate has synergism with antibiotics especially against MRSA and a potential against HERPES and HIV

53
Q

Scientific Name: Vaccinium macrocarpon
Family: Ericaceae
Constituent: Condensed tannins
Use: For urinary tract infections

A

Cranberry

54
Q

t/f: tannins are soluble in water, alcohol, glycerol, dilute alkalis, and acetone
BUT sparingly soluble in organic solvents

A

true

55
Q

test that differentiates pseudo and true tannins using ox intestine

A

goldbeater’s test

56
Q

negative in goldbeater’s

A

pseudotannins

57
Q

positive result of goldbeater’s

A

black/brown

58
Q

general test for tannins

A

gelatin test

59
Q

positive result for gelatin test (both true and pseudo)

A

fleshy ppt

60
Q

test for catechin (pseudotannin)

A

matchstick test

61
Q

t/f: matchstick test positive on hydrolyzable tannin

A

false. test positive on NON HYDROLYSABLE tannin (+) pink/red wood

62
Q

pink/red wood on flame on matchstick test is due to

A

phloroglucinol

63
Q

test for (+) non-hydrolysable tannins with result of green color

A

chlorogenic acid test

64
Q

tannin use: Treatment for burns, bed sores, minor ulceration

A

Astringent

65
Q

tannin use: styptics and internally for protecting inflamed surfaces of mouth and throat

A

Protein precipitant

66
Q

Inhibit peroxidation and trap free radicals

A

antioxidant

67
Q

tannin use: Stop cancer, inhibits replication of virus capable of preventing or stopping wounds and then applied to the wounds

A

Enzymatic inhibitors

68
Q

tannin use: also used for alkaloidal and heavy metal poisoning as part of the “universal antidote” (with MgO and activated charcoal)

A

Antidote

69
Q

t/f: Tannins can precipitate alkaloids and heavy metals

A

true

70
Q

potential antitumor, anti-angiogenic in mice (especially epigallocatechin-3-gallate)

A

condensed tannin

71
Q

dangers of tannin

A

hepatotoxic, carcinogenic

72
Q

effect when absorbed tannic acid can cause severe central necrosis of the liver

A

hepatotoxic

73
Q
A

PCOG (12 decks)

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